1. Bell Ringer: Match the advantages to the appropriate side

2.  Students will review the beginning events of the Civil War  Students will understand the significance of key events and battles in the Civil War  Students will complete a graphic organizer on the Civil War using their notes

3.  Nickname: Union or Yankees  Uniform Color: Blue  Reasons for Fighting: ◦ End slavery ◦ Preserve the power of the nation/union 

4. 1) Larger population 2) Banks/money 3) Industry 4) Railroads 5) Established military 6) Established central government

5. 1)George McClellan 3) Ulysses S. Grant 3) Ambrose Burnside 2) Roger Sherman

6.  Nickname: Confederates  Uniform Color: Grey  Reasons for fighting: ◦ Defend slavery ◦ Defend states’ rights ◦ Protect homes

7. 1) Fighting on home turf 2) Had a cause to fight for 3) Strong military leaders (Robert E. Lee) 4) Knew how to ride horses and use firearms 5) Possibility of foreign aid (Cotton diplomacy)

8. 6) James Ewell Brown “JEB” Stuart 1)Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson 2) Robert E. Lee 4) George Pickett5) Ambrose P. Hill 3) James Longstreet

9.  1) Fort Sumter (April 1861) – First shots fired in the Civil War in South Carolina ◦ Confederates capture fort  Virginia secedes 5 days later; splits into two states as a result  Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina follow VA soon after

11. SSouthern states that seceded from the Union: ◦ S outh Carolina ◦M◦M ississippi ◦F◦F lorida ◦A◦A labama ◦G◦G eorgia ◦L◦L ouisiana o Tennessee o Texas o Virginia

12. BBorder states that still practiced slavery but that remained in the Union: ◦D◦D elaware ◦K◦K entucky ◦M◦M issouri ◦M◦M aryland

13. FFree states: ◦C◦C A ◦C◦C T ◦I◦I L ◦I◦I N ◦I◦I A ◦K◦K S ◦M◦M E ◦M◦M A ◦ MI ◦ MN ◦NH◦NH ◦ NJ ◦ NY ◦ OH ◦ OR ◦ PA ◦ RI ◦ VT ◦ WV ◦ WI

14. 1) Two-pronged blockade of Confederacy by cutting off the Atlantic and Gulf ports 2) Sent naval gunboats down Mississippi River to capture New Orleans  This would cut off the south geographically and economically Northern strategy: Anaconda Plan

15. 3) Armies would then capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia -The issue was the Southern coastline; was difficult to navigate and had 180 ports – the Union navy had few ships to spare -Plan was approved by Lincoln but was unsuccessful Northern strategy: Anaconda Plan

17.  Virginia, 1861: First major battle of the war; Confederate victory  Union soldiers march from Washington D.C. towards Richmond ◦ They are cut off by Confederates and retreat towards D.C.

20.  Before this point, Northerners assumed it would be a quick battle; picnickers gathered at the battle site  Outcome: After the battle, both the North and South soon realized this would be a long and bloody war

21.  Maryland, 1862: Lee invades the North in an attempt to surprise Washington D.C.  His plans are intercepted by Union troops under General McClellan  Battle is a standoff, but the South retreat (therefore counting it as a Union victory)

24. Outcome:  Is considered the bloodiest single day of the Civil War (26,000 + casualties)  Gives Lincoln opportunity to issue the Emancipation Proclamation

26.  Issued by Lincoln after Union victory at Antietam  Abolished slavery in every Confederate state; however it freed only the slaves in rebellion states  Allowed black soldiers to enlist in the Union army  Gave the North a ‘human cause’ to fight for

29. PPennsylvania, 1863: LLee attempts a second invasion into the North to get the fighting out of Virginia TThe North under Meade defeats Lee to gain a Union victory IIs the bloodiest battle of the war (48,000 dead in 3-day battle) SSouth surrenders after fighting an uphill battle

33. Outcomes: IIs the turning point of the war- started a winning streak for the North LLast attempt by the South to attack the North (crippled the South significantly) FForeign aid will not be given to the South

34.  Issued by Lincoln following the Battle of Gettysburg  Described the Civil War as a struggle to preserve a nation dedicated to the idea that “all men are created equal”  America was “one nation”, not a collection of sovereign states

35.  Mississippi, 1863:  Grant attempts to cut the South in half by capturing the Mississippi River  Attacks the southern city for 7 weeks  The fall of Vicksburg was said to have “broken the backbone of the South”

37. Battle of the Ironclads: The Monitor and the Merrimac

38. Outcomes:  Starving people of Vicksburg surrender; South is divided  Union forces controlled the Mississippi River  Morale boost for the Union  Ulysses S. Grant proved his worth as a Union general

39.  Virginia, 1864: Grant attempts to march on Richmond  Lee stopped Grant, but the battle became the bloodiest hour of the war  7,000 men died in an hour Outcomes:  Technology outpaced tactics; weapons became too efficient for the method of fighting

41.  General Sherman leads a 60 mile march from Atlanta, GA, to Savannah, GA  Destroys railroad tracks and cuts the South off from receiving supplies  Ends up burning down the city of Atlanta to the ground  Path of destruction left behind devastates the South

42.  Virginia, 1865:  Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Union General Ulysses S. Grant  Signals the end of the Civil War  Lee urges Southerners to accept defeat and unite as Americans  Grant urged the North not to be harsh with former Confederates

43.  War was literally fought “brother against brother” ◦ Family members often fought against each other, as well as friends vs. friends  Disease was as much of a killer as was actual fighting  Combat was brutal and often man- to-man