1. Psychology: Scientific study of behavior and mental processes tested through scientific research

2. Science: Study based on conducted research Collection of information, or data in an organized fashion

3. Behavior: (Physiological) the activity of an organism observable physical activity

4. Mental processes: (Cognitive) thinking activity of an organism unobservable activity

5. Stone Age - SPIRITS!! –Spirits are responsible for behavior People who behaved abnormally were thought to be possessed by evil spirits. To get rid of the evil spirit - chipped holes in the brain, usually resulting in death. –Trepanation

6. Ancient Egyptians - 500 BC “Ka” - inside each person was a smaller person responsible for behavior Evidence - look into the eye of someone and you will see a little person peering back at you.

7. Ancient Greeks - 400 BC Plato - thought the mind and body were separate Aristotle - first to think the mind and body were connected

8. Phrenology - 1700’s Believed you could read people’s personality by the bumps on their head. Divided the brain into faculties - each faculty represented an aspect of personality

9. Different approaches to studying Psychology…

10. Structuralism Wilhelm Wundt – Germany - late 1800s –Opened first Psychology Lab l Study of basic elements l Uses introspection self observation of thoughts and feelings

11. Functionalism William James – in US – late 1800s –“father of Psychology” l Study of how we “behave in” or “adapt to” our environment wrote the first Psychology Textbook

12. Biological Approach Brain and parts of the brain Dr. Paul Broca Dr. Carl Wernicke Dr. Wilder Penfield –Localization of function

13. Psychoanalytic Approach Sigmund Freud – Austria - 1905 l Study of the unconscious mind and unconscious motives l Dreams reveal the unconscious

14. Behaviorist Approach Ivan Pavlov - Pavlov’s dogs l B.F. Skinner - training pigeons l Study of behavior, focusing on how it is learned through our environment

15. Cognitive Approach Jean Piaget - studied cognitive abilities of children l Study of how we process, store and use information l Study of how we think and what influences our thinking

16. Humanistic Approach Abraham Maslow l Study of the ways “healthy” people strive for self-actualization - the process of fulfilling your potential

17. Today, Psychology has expanded to include several fields…

18. Psychologist People who have been trained to observe, analyze, and treat behavior

19. Psychiatrist Study of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders Able to prescribe medication

20. Clinical Psychologists Study the diagnosis, cause and treatment of psychological disorders Work in private offices, mental hospitals, prisons

21. Counseling Psychologists Study the “normal” problems people face in everyday life Work in schools, industrial firms, private offices

22. Developmental Psychologist Study the changes that occurs in people from birth through old age I.e Child Psychologists - focus on childhood May help design children’s toys

23. Educational Psychologist Study topics related to teaching children and young adults Evaluate teaching methods and test styles

24. Community Psychologist Study in mental health or social welfare agencies operated by the government

25. Industrial/Organization Psychologist Study methods to boost production, improve working conditions, place applicants in jobs, train people, and reduce accidents

26. Environmental Psychologist Study the effects of the environment on people

27. Forensic Psychologist Study personality profiles of criminals and the workings of the law Work in courts or correctional systems

28. Sports Psychologist Study athletes and athletic performance Help athletes maximize their performance Study the benefits of participation in sports and design equipment

29. Health Psychologist Study the interaction between physical and psychological health factors Study how stress can lead to the common cold

30. Experimental Psychology Study the relationship between two or more variables Conduct experiments in a controlled setting (laboratory)