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Published byLaurel Barnett Modified over 9 years ago
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The Emergence of Mass Society New Urban Environment Growth of cities: by 1914, 80 percent of the population in Britain lived in cities (40 percent in 1800); 45 percent in France (25 percent in 1800); 60 percent in Germany (25 percent in 1800); and 30 percent in eastern Europe (10 percent in 1800) Migration from rural to urban Improving living conditions Boards of health set up Clean water into the city Expulsion of sewage Housing needs V.A. Huber British Housing Act, 1890, allowed town councils to construct cheap housing for workers
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The Social Structure of Mass Society The Elite 5 percent of the population that controlled 30 to 40 percent of wealth Alliance of wealthy business elite and traditional aristocracy The Middle Classes Upper middle class, middle middle-class, lower middle-class Professionals White-collar workers Middle class values in the Victorian period The Lower classes 80 percent of the European population Agriculture Skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled workers
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The Experiences of Women Marriage and the Family Difficulty for single women to earn a living Most women married Birth control Female control of family size Middle-class family Men provided income and women focused on household and child care Fostered the idea of togetherness Victorian ideas Working-class families Daughters work until married 1890 to 1914 higher paying jobs made it possible to live on the husband’s wages Material consumption
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Movement for Women’s Rights Fight to own property Access to higher education by middle and upper-middle class women Access to jobs dominated by men: teaching, nursing Demand for equal political rights Most vocal was the British movement Emmeline Pankhurst (1858-1928), Women’s Social and Political Union, 1903 Suffragettes Support of peace movements The New Woman Bertha von Suttner
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Education in an Age of Mass Society In early 19th century reserved for elites or the wealthier middle class Between 1870 and 1914 most Western governments began to offer at least primary education to both boys and girls between 6 and 12 State teacher training schools Reasons: Needs of industrialization Need for an educated electorate To instill patriotism Compulsory elementary education created a demand for teachers, most were women “Natural role” of women
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Leisure in an Age of Mass Society Created by the industrial system Transportation systems meant: Working class could go to amusement parks, dance halls, beaches, and team sporting activities
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