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Further Development and Application of the CMAQ Ozone and Particle Precursor Tagging Methodologies (OPTM & PPTM) 7 th Annual CMAS Conference Chapel Hill,

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Presentation on theme: "Further Development and Application of the CMAQ Ozone and Particle Precursor Tagging Methodologies (OPTM & PPTM) 7 th Annual CMAS Conference Chapel Hill,"— Presentation transcript:

1 Further Development and Application of the CMAQ Ozone and Particle Precursor Tagging Methodologies (OPTM & PPTM) 7 th Annual CMAS Conference Chapel Hill, NC 6-8 October 2008 Presented by Sharon Douglas ICF International, San Rafael, CA

2 Co-Authors: Tom Myers Yihua Wei Jay Haney Tom Braverman, ICF EPA OAQPS

3 Presentation Outline Overview of CMAQ/OPTM & PPTM source attribution methods Application of CMAQ/OPTM & CMAQ/PPTM to support ozone & PM2.5 designations (example for Milwaukee) Application of CMAQ/PPTM to characterize CAAA-related reductions in PM2.5 for cost/benefit analysis Next steps

4 OPTM & PPTM: General Concepts Emissions (or IC/BC) species are tagged in the input files and continuously tracked throughout the simulation Tags can be applied to source regions, source categories, individual sources, and/or IC/BCs Tagged species have the same properties and are subjected to the same processes (e.g., advection, chemical transformation, deposition) as the actual species

5 OPTM & PPTM: General Concepts OPTM species include ozone, NOx & VOC PPTM species include PM-related S, N, SOA, POC, EC & other inorganic particulates* Base simulation results not affected by tagging OPTM & PPTM quantify the contribution of tagged sources to simulated species concentrations & deposition *PPTM has also been implemented for mercury

6 Implementation of OPTM for CMAQ (Overview(1)) Total emissions of both NOx and VOC from the desired sources or source categories are tagged (e.g., NOx_t1, NOx_t2, VOC_t1, VOC_t2) Oxidant tracers (OXN_t1, OXV_t1, OXN_t2, OXV_t2) correspond to the oxidant produced from NOx & VOC for each tagged category

7 Implementation of OPTM for CMAQ (Overview(2)) Advection/Diffusion: Use standard CMAQ algorithms Gas Phase Chemistry: Chemistry step called as usual Changes in NOx, VOC & oxidant (ΔVOC, ΔNOX & ΔOX) are calculated and apportioned to tags Deposition: Calculated for the tags based on fractional change in total NOx, VOC & oxidant due to deposition

8 Implementation of PPTM for CMAQ (Overview) Within CMAQ, tagging is accomplished by adding duplicate species (e.g., ANO3_t1, ANO3_t2) More than 50 (gas & aerosol phase) species per tag required to track total PM2.5 (e.g., for nitrogen: ANH4I, ANH4J, ANO3I, ANO3J, NO, NO2, NO3, N2O5 …) Key considerations/assumptions: Linear processes simulated directly Potentially non-linear processes calculated for total species and apportioned to tags PPTM can also be used to estimate contributions to N and other forms of deposition

9 Application of CMAQ/OPTM & PPTM for the Milwaukee Area Objective: To identify the source regions that potentially contribute to high ozone and high PM2.5 concentrations in the Milwaukee, WI area Specs: Regional-scale modeling domain 2002 base year; limited simulation periods (1 month for ozone; 4 months for PM2.5) 13 tagged source regions (county level)

10 Application of CMAQ/OPTM & PPTM for the Milwaukee Area: Domain 12-km resolution

11 Application of CMAQ/OPTM & PPTM for the Milwaukee Area: Tags T1: Milwaukee Co., WI T2: Washington Co., WI T3: Ozaukee Co., WI T4: Waukesha Co., WI T5: Racine Co., WI T6: Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Co., WI T7: Dodge, Jefferson & Walworth Co., WI T8: Kenosha Co., WI T9: Cook Co., IL T10: Lake, McHenry, Kane, Dupage Co.,IL T11: Will Co., IL & Lake & Porter Co., IN T12: Remainder of 12-km grid T13: IC/BCs

12 CMAQ/OPTM Results for the Milwaukee Area: NOx Average Contribution to Maximum 8-Hour Ozone Tag 1: Milwaukee Co.Tag 9: Cook Co.Tag 10: 4 Other IL Co.

13 CMAQ/OPTM Results for the Milwaukee Area: VOC Average Contribution to Maximum 8-Hour Ozone Tag 1: Milwaukee Co.Tag 9: Cook Co.Tag 10: 4 Other IL Co.

14 CMAQ/OPTM Results for a Monitoring Site: NOx & VOC Milwaukee Bayside Milwaukee Co.12-km grid IC/BCs Average Contribution to Maximum 8-Hour Ozone

15 Summary CMAQ/OPTM Results for All Monitoring Sites: NOx & VOC

16 CMAQ/PPTM Results for a Monitoring Site Milwaukee Virginia Fire Station Milwaukee Co. 12-km gridIC/BCs

17 CMAQ/PPTM Results for a Monitoring Site Waukesha Milwaukee Co. 12-km gridIC/BCs Waukesha Co.

18 Summary CMAQ/PPTM Results for All Monitoring Sites

19 Summary for Milwaukee OPTM & PPTM can be used to quantify the contribution of emissions (by species) from specified source regions to CMAQ-derived concentrations the potential for sources/source regions to contribute to nonattainment in a given area Contributions vary by location and are different for the different species (NOx, VOC and PM species) Ozone & PM2.5 nonattainment issues in the Milwaukee area are the combined result of local emissions as well as intra- & inter-state transport

20 § 812 Cost/Benefit Analysis: PM2.5 Modeling Component

21 Application of CMAQ/PPTM to Support the § 812 Cost/Benefit Analysis Objectives: Quality assurance To quantify and compare the source category contributions to PM2.5 both with and without the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) Specs: National-scale modeling domain Annual simulation period; two scenarios (2010 without CAAA and 2010 with CAAA) 7 tagged source categories

22 Application of CMAQ/PPTM for the § 812 Modeling Analysis: Domains 36-km resolution for PM2.5

23 Application of CMAQ/PPTM for the § 812 Modeling Analysis: Tags T1: EGU sources (U.S.) T2: Non-EGU point sources (U.S.) T3: On-road mobile sources (U.S.) T4: Non-road mobile sources (U.S.) T5: Area (non-point, non-mobile) sources (U.S.) T6: Initial and boundary conditions (IC/BCs) T7: All other sources (natural emissions, offshore sources, and non-U.S. sources)

24 CMAQ/PPTM Results: Contribution from EGU Sources (Tag 1) 2010 without CAAA2010 with CAAA Annual Average PM2.5

25 CMAQ/PPTM Results: Contribution from Non-EGU Point Sources (Tag 2) 2010 without CAAA2010 with CAAA Annual Average PM2.5

26 CMAQ/PPTM Results: Contribution from On-Road Sources (Tag 3) 2010 without CAAA2010 with CAAA Annual Average PM2.5

27 CMAQ/PPTM Results for a Monitoring Site Philadelphia

28 Summary of PPTM Results for the § 812 Modeling Analysis PPTM used as a probing tool to attribute the overall reductions in PM2.5 (due to the CAAA measures) to specific source categories Total simulated PM2.5 concentration is lower under the CAAA scenario, primarily due to reductions in area- & point-source (EGU & non-EGU) emissions (relative importance varies by region and by location) Health benefits can be similarly attributed to source categories, sources, or specific measures

29 Next Steps Incorporate OPTM & PPTM (for ozone and PM2.5) into CMAQv4.7 Incorporate PPTM (for mercury and 10 additional toxic pollutants) into CMAQv4.7 Distribute OPTM & PPTM codes through CMAS

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