1. KEY DATES KEY DATES  1970: E.P.A. CREATED  APRIL 22: 1 ST OFFICIAL “EARTH DAY”  MARCH 28, 1979: THREE MILE ISLAND ACCIDENT  APRIL 26, 1986: CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT  MARCH, 1989: EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL

2. ROOTS OF ENVIRONMENTALISM ROOTS OF ENVIRONMENTALISM  1962: RACHEL CARSON PUBLISHES SILENT SPRING  SUBJECT?  DANGERS OF WIDESPREAD PESTICIDE USE IN AMERICA  PRIMARY TARGET: DDT  ½ MILLION COPIES SOLD W/IN 6 WEEKS  EFFECTS?  HEIGHTENED PUBLIC AWARENESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES  JKF ESTABLISHES COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ISSUE  1963: CONGRESS PASSES CLEAN AIR ACT***  1972: DDT OUTLAWED  ***DID WHAT? REGULATED CAR & INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS

3. ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT GROWS ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT GROWS  WHEN DOES ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT GROW?  1970’s  NIXON & CARTER ADMINISTRATIONS  MAJOR ISSUES:  POLLUTION  CONSERVATION  “DANGERS” OF NUCLEAR ENERGY  URBANIZATION

4. ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT GROWS ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT GROWS  MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS:  EARTH DAY:  1 ST OFFICIAL ONE: APRIL 22, 1970  WHAT IS IT?  WHOSE IDEA? SEN. NELSON, WISC.  BECOMES ANNUAL EVENT  NIXON PROMOTES ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES  EX.: 1970: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (E.P.A.) CREATED  DOES WHAT?  SETS / ENFORCES POLLUTION STANDRADS  CONDUCTS ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH  ASSISTS LOCAL GOV’T. IN POLLUTION CONTROL

5. ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT GROWS ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT GROWS  NIXON’s CONTRIBUTION (CONT’D.)  1970: CLEAN AIR ACT: DID WHAT?  REDUCED ALLOWABLE CAR EMISSIONS  FORCED AUTO MAKERS TO REDUCE EMISSIONS BY 90%  RESULT?  AUTO MAKERS DEVELOP CATALYTIC CONVERTER  RESULTS IN DEVELOPMENT OF UNLEADED GASOLINE  THE HOG LOSES OVER 45 LBS. ONLY TO GAIN IT ALL BACK WHEN THE LOCAL MCDONALDS OPENS  CONGRESS PASSES OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS:  ENDANGERED SPECIES PROTECTED  STRIP MINING LIMITED  PROBLEM: NOBODY’S SATISFIED  CONSERVATIVES: LAWS HURT BIG BUSINESS  LIBERALS: LAWS DIDN’T GO FAR ENOUGH

6. OTHER MAJOR EVENTS OTHER MAJOR EVENTS  1968: ATLANTIC RICHFIELD CO.  MAJOR OIL FIELD DISCOVERY IN ALASKA  1974: CONSTRUCTION ON THE ALASKA PIPELINE BEGINS  PROS?  JOBS CREATED  REVENUE ($) FOR STATE OF ALASKA  CONS?  POSSIBLE THREAT TO ALASKA WILDLIFE  POSSIBLE THREAT TO NATIVE AMER. LANDS  RESULT?  1971: ALASKA NATIVE CLAIMS SETTLEMENT ACT  1978: CARTER MAKES 56 MIL. ACRES NAT’L. MONUMENTS  1980: 104 MIL. ACRES BECOME CONSERVATION AREAS

7.  Alaska Pipeline Pipeline

8. Alaska Pipeline

9. OTHER MAJOR EVENTS OTHER MAJOR EVENTS  MARCH 28, 1979: THREE MILE ISLAND NUCLEAR ACCIDENT  WHERE? PA.  WHAT? FAILURE IN COOLING SYSTEM  RESULT?  MEDIA COVERAGE EXTENSIVE  VERY LOW-LEVEL RADIATION ESCAPES  GOV’T. TIGHTENS NUCLEAR INDUSTRY SAFETY MEASURES  APRIL 26, 1986: CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR DISASTER  WHERE? UKRAINE, USSR  WHAT? MASSIVE NUCLEAR ACCIDENT/ RADIATION LEAK  MARCH, 1989: EXXON VALDEZ TANKER SPILL  WHERE? PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND, ALASKA  WHAT?  11 MILLION GALLONS OF CRUDE OIL SPILL  MASSIVE WILDLIFE ENDANGERMENT / DEATH

10.  Three Mile Mile Island Island

11.  Three Mile Island & Engineering System

12. Chernobyl Fallout Radius Chernobyl Fallout Radius

14.  Chernobyl After reactor Fire/explosion