1. #22 Unit I – Test Review 30 matching/multiple choice/fill in questions 1 written piece. Your binder is also due!

2. Study #5 Unit I – Introduction to Participation In Government 1. National, state, and local public officials A. President – Barack Obama B. U.S. Senators – Kristen Gillibrand and Charles Schumer C. Governor – Andrew Cuomo D. Town Supervisor – Tony LaFountain 2.The branches of the U.S. government A. Legislative B. Executive C. Judicial 3.The levels of government A. Federal - President, Congress, Supreme Court, etc. B. State - Governor, NY State Assembly, NY State Senate, NY State Supreme Court, etc. C. Local - County, City, Town, Village Governments; This includes school boards. 4. Necessity of Government A. Why do we need a government? B. What if we did not have a government? C. How can citizens participate in government? 5. Purposes and principles of American government A. What is democracy? B. What is a Republic? C. What is a Constitutional Government? 6. Basic ideas and documents that formed American government A. Mayflower compact B. Declaration of Independence C. United States Constitution D. Bill of Rights

3. Who are they? (check #5)

4. What are the branches of the U.S. government? (Study #5) The branches were created to describe and distribute the powers of the federal government. (Checks and Balances): The legislative branch which creates the laws = Congress The executive branch which executes (To put into effect; carry out) the laws = President The judiciary branch which interprets the laws (judicial review) = Supreme Court and court system.

5. What are the levels of government? (#5 Again) A.Federal - President, Congress, Supreme Court, etc. B. State - Governor, NY State Assembly, NY State Senate, NY State Supreme Court, etc. C. Local - County, City, Town, Village Governments; This includes school boards.

6. Why do we need a government? From reading assignment #7 you learned: Vocabulary – Natural rights, Absolute Power, state of nature, consent of the governed, social contract. Also According to John Locke the main purpose of government should be to protect the people’s natural rights. Governments were needed to keep us out of the state of nature which would bring chaos.

7. How can citizens participate in government? In Assignment #11 you learned: The difference between a citizen and an alien Participating in government is important to our own self-interests Voting, signing a petition, attending meetings, etc.

8. What is democracy? #13 Etymology The word democracy derives from the ancient Greek demokratia formeddemokratia from the roots demos, meaning “people” or “the mob, the many” and kratos meaning “rule.” In the dictionary definition, democracy "is government by the people in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system." In the phrase of Abraham Lincoln, democracy is a government "of the people, by the people, and for the people.“ Direct Democracy - Athens Greece: A direct democracy is when citizens in a community meet in one place to make laws and decide actions

9. What is a Republic? #14 Representative Democracy – Roman Republic: In a representative democracy citizens elect officials to represent them in government; also called a republic. The Roman Republic had elections but againRoman Republic women, slaves, and the large foreign population were excluded. The votes of the wealthy were given more weight and almost all high officials come from a few noble families.

10. What is a Constitutional Government? #16 A Constitutional Government must have a constitution that defines the framework of the government in power. Within this framework must be built in limits on government powers to be a true constitutional government.

11. Basic ideas and documents that formed American government 1.Mayflower Compact (Social Contract) #13 2.Declaration of Independence (defends natural rights and social contract theory) #13 3.The Constitution of the United States #13, #16, (social contract “WE the people…”)

12. Why do we have the Bill of Rights? #19 The constitution itself mentions nothing about citizens rights and personal freedoms, it just spells out the framework of our government The Bill of Rights spells out a citizens rights and personal freedoms that the government must protect It secured the “great rights of mankind” Supreme Court Cases Tinker v Des Moines #12 Santa Fe Independent School District v Jane Doe (2000) #21