1. AP EURO Unit #1 – Renaissance and Reformation Lesson #9 Religious Violence (FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION)

2. Essential Questions
What caused, and what ended the French Wars of Religion?
What caused, and what ended the Dutch Rebellion?

3. French Religious Wars Habsburg-Valois Wars Formation of Calvinism
40 years of French-German antagonism
Four wars ( )
France went into debt
Formation of Calvinism
Caught on by 1550s
15% of society by 1570s
Nearly half of the nobles
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4. Why would Protestantism be popular among Nobles?

5. Why would Protestantism NOT be popular among peasants?

6. Henry II of France Son of Francis I Henry’s wife, Catherine de Medici
Francis was a contemporary of Henry VIII
Was king for only 10 years
Died in a jousting tournament (end of 8th Italian War)
Henry’s wife, Catherine de Medici
Mother to three more kings
She directed French policy for next generation
Tried to maintain power of monarchy with opposing “sides” (Guise Catholics vs. Bourbon Huguenots)
His son, Henry III tried to hold nation together 2m

7. Pico della Mirandola The Oration on the Dignity of Man
Called the "Manifesto of the Renaissance".
Spoke to hostile clerics of the dignity of the liberal arts
The Oration served as an introduction to Pico's 900 theses, which he believed provided a basis for the discovery of all knowledge
Pico combined Platonism, Neoplatonism, Aristoteliansm, Hermeticism and Kabbalah.
Also included 72 theses describing what Pico believed to be a complete system of physics.

8. Pico’s Oration on the Dignity of Man
These are the reasons why I decided to study philosophy. And I'm not going to explain them to anyone except those who condemn philosophy. Philosophy is not something to be used scornfully or as insult, but for honor and glory.
We have reduced philosophy to only being useful when being used for profit.
I've never philosophized except for the sake of philosophy, and have never desired it for my own cultivation. I have been able to lose myself in philosophy and not be influenced by others who try to pull me away from it.

9. Henry IV Leader of Huguenots
Huguenot nobles challenged power of monarch
Henry of Navarre (Henry Bourbon)
Married sister of Henry III
Horrible wedding day
St. Bartholemew’s Day Massacre
Crazy MIL
Catherine de Medici

10. Henry IV Catherine de Medici – queen mum – politique
Tried to neutralize Huguenots
She arranged for daughter, Margo to marry him
Neither liked each other
He had lots of mistresses
27 years of unhappiness
Among the most popular of all French kings
Murdered by a fanatical catholic as carriage sat in traffic

11. Henry IV Key Dates 1553: Born 1572: Married to Margo (age 19)
1587: War of the Three Henrys
1594: Coronated (age 41)
1598: Edict of Nantes
1599: Marriage Annulled
1600: Married to Marie (age 47)
1610: Died (age 57)
- assassinated
12m

12. Henry IV Beloved by his people Kind, compassion, good humor, charming
Highly concerned for welfare of France
Promoted agriculture; drained swamps
Renewed Paris as a great city; added wings to Louvre
Public works
Bridges and canals
Promoted the arts
Education for all
Prevented deforestation; ordered plantings

13. Edict of Nantes Religious tolerance for Huguenots
Henry – a man of vision & courage
Married Marie de Medici
Six kids (3 lived)
Louis XIII
Henrietta Maria (married Charles I of England)
Maryland
Marie coronated the day before he was killed

14. Dutch Rebellion (1560s – 1640) Part of the Spanish Empire
SPANISH NETHERLANDS
WILL ONE DAY BE THE AUSTRIAN NETHERLANDS
Charles V was born there – kept close watch
Philip II (r: ) let it fester – grew to different and independent – Calvinist influence
Spanish sent Duke of Alba (20,000 mercenaries)
Council of Troubles ( )
William of Orange
Spanish Fury (The sack of Antwerp)
Pacification of Ghent – UNITED PROVINCES born

15. William of Orange vs. Duke of Alba

16. William of Orange vs. Duke of Alba THE SPANISH FURY

17. Philip II vs. Elizabeth I

18. Philip II vs. Elizabeth I THE INVINCIBLE ARMADA

19. The Great Witch Hunt 100,000 – 200,000 accusations and trials
40,000 – 60,000 executions
Witches – sabbats; magical
Satan, goats and groups
80% accused were poor single women over 45
Often midwives
Women thought to be weaker
Accusation led to a hunt – coven has members
Likely it was the Renaissance and Reformation that started… and ended the craze