1. Renaissance + Scientific Revolution =

3. The Enlightenment The major intellectual and cultural movement of the 18th century, characterized by a pronounced faith in the power of human knowledge to solve basic problems of existence. 1680-1789 or 1815? You decide!

4. Age of Reason and Science Responses to mysticism, religion and superstition of Middle Ages. Reason and Rationality became the new God. Led to the Scientific Revolution

5. Response to the Scientific Revolution Copernicus Kepler Galileo Fahrenheit Isaac Newton

6. Deductive 2 Inductive Reasoning

7. Didactic– meant to help teach Dialectic–logical arguments Patriarchal– father figure Heresiarchal– heretical thought

8. Response to the Renaissance Arts and MUSIC Bach Handel Haydn Mozart Beethoven

9. Death to Dark Ages Intellectuals during the Enlightenment turned a critical eye on nearly all received traditions in Europe. Political traditions; social and economic structures; attitudes toward the past; ideas about human nature; theories of knowledge, science, philosophy, aesthetics, and morals; and, above all, the doctrines and institutions of Christianity were subjected to analysis. Enlightenment writers aimed at tearing down old structures, and rebuilding with firm scientific foundations for the presumed natural order of things.

10. Paris was Center but Europe was Ablaze

11. 5 Main Ideas Reason– Absence of intolerance, bigotry, or prejudice. Nature-- What was natural was good and reasonable. Natural laws of economics and politics, just like law of motion. Happiness– Someone who lives by nature’s laws will find happiness. Be happy on earth, don’t wait for Heaven. Progress– Societal progress to point of human and societal perfection. Liberty– In response to Glorious Revolution, belief that reason could set society free.

12. The Philosophes The thinkers of the Enlightenment Met in the Salons, coffee shops, universities, and restaurants Wanted to apply scientific method to all ideas, including government and religion.

13. Voltaire

14. Voltaire’s Friends in High Places “What great victories reason is winning among us!” Catherine The GreatFrederick II Russia Prussia

15. John Locke Impacting Historical Event: Glorious Revolution

16. Protect our “Natural Rights” Life Liberty Property God-given rights

17. Anti-Philosophe Thomas Hobbes Impacting Historical Event: Beheading of Charles I

18. Jean Jacques Rousseau

19. Montesquieu

20. Adam Smith

21. Economy Physiocrat Mercantilism Capitalism Laissez-Faire

22. Isaac Newton

23. Deists Believers in Deism, described as the religion of reason rejected Christianity as a body of revelation, mysterious and incomprehensible. God’s revelation, believed Deists, was simple, logical and clear-cut, a natural religion which always existed.

24. DIDEROT

25. What is the effect of the Enlightenment?

26. The American Revolution

27. The French Revolution Is it the end of the Enlightenment or a Continuation?