1. The Reluctant Empire? U.S. Foreign Relations in the 20th Century
3/28/2017
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Curt-Engelhorn Chair in American History Prof. Dr. Manfred Berg Winter Term 2008/2009
The Reluctant Empire?
U.S. Foreign Relations in the 20th Century
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg 1 1 1 1 1

2. Empire by Invitation? The U.S. and Western Europe
The American Reconstruction of Europe
The Americanization of European Culture
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

3. Europe in 1945
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

4. George C. Marshall,
US Army General, Chief of Staff,
US Sec. of State,
US Sec. of Defense,
Nobel Peace Prize Winner, 1953
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

5. Marshall Plan,
$12.5 billion (about $100 billion in today‘s currency)
Goals:
Increase of production
Expansion of trade
Financial stability
European economic cooperation
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

6. Marshall Plan, 1948 - 1951 United Kingdom: $2.9 billion
France: $2.6 billion
West Germany: $1.3 billion
Italy: $1.3 billion
Total of $12.5 billion equals 1.2 percent of U.S. GNP during 1948 to 1951.
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

7. Jean Monnet,
Deputy General of the League of Nations,
President of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC),
Founder of the Action Committee for a United States of Europe, 1955
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

8. U.S. and European Integration
Strong pillar of containment
Swift economic recovery
Avoid future wars
Solution to the German problem
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

9. Charles de Gaulle,
Led the Forces Françaises Libres (free french forces) during WWII
Chairman of the Provisional Government of France,
President of France,
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

10. John F. Kennedy in Berlin, 1963
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

11. Coca Colonization? Coke ad, 1952 Coke ad, 1955
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

12. Amerika Houses
The first Amerika Haus in Heidelberg was located on Uni-Platz in the 1940s
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

13. Cultural Diplomacy United States Information Agency Voice of America
Radio Free Europe
Fulbright Program
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

14. GIs in Europe
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

15. Hollywood in Europe
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16. Elvis Presley,
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

17. Student Protest in Europe
Rudi Dutschke leads students in protest
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

18. Angela Davis, b. 1944
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

19. Anti-Americanism? Criticism of U.S. foreign policy?
Criticism of specific aspects of American society and culture?
Fundamental rejection of Western liberalism and democracy?
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg