1. Absolutism Chapter 16

2. Spain Two crowns: –Charles I/Charles V –Spain/Hapsburg Empire empire includes Netherlands and the Holy Roman Empire

3. Charles V devout Catholic Protestant opposition in Germanic States Muslim opposition in Mediterranean and Austria 1556- Charles gives up titles and enters monastery –Hapsburg lands go to his brother Ferdinand –Spain and Netherlands go to son, Philip at 29 years old

4. Philip II Expands Spanish influence in Europe Strengthens the Catholic Church Made his power absolute Lived a simple life Devoted his time to gov't

5. Philip II cont. Centralized power: –Absolute monarch - a ruler with complete power over all –Divine right - authority of rule come from God Battle of Lepanto in 1571 –Spanish Fleet destroys Ottoman fleet 1581-Dutch declare independence

6. English Enemy Elizabeth I –Encouraged Dutch independence –Encourage privateers (especially on Spanish gold) –Made Francis Drake a knight Philip creates the Spanish Armada –130 ships, 20K men, 2.4K cannons –Sailed in 1588 and are defeated by the faster English ships

7. Spanish Decline Successors are poor rulers Wars drained wealth Neglected other forms of revenue in the New World and the mines dried up Inflation from wealth

8. Spain's Golden Age (1550-1650) Excelled in arts, literature, science, and mathematics –El Greco - "the Greek" Painter of religious and royal settings –Miguel de Cervantes Writer Don Quixote, makes fun of medieval chivalry