1. Tolulade Adeofe Gated Spirometer 4/17/2010

2. Spirometer A spirometer is a medical device used to measure the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs.

3. Necessity Respiratory Disease is Common in underdeveloped nations – Tobacco use – Indoor/Outdoor air pollution – Occupational risks

4. Necessity As of 2007, 210 million people have Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 90% of all COPD cases occur in underdeveloped nations 80% of all deaths related to COPD occur in underdeveloped nations By 2030 COPD will be 3 rd leading cause of death worlwide Muramoto, Myra; Lando, Harry. Faculty Development in tobacco cessation: Training health professionals and promoting tobacco control in developing countries. University of Arizona College of Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Public Health. Wiley InterScience, Volume 28, Issue 5, 2 September 2009. The World Health Organization. Global surveillance, prevention, and control of Chronic Respiratory Diseases: A comprehensive approach, 2007. http://www.who.inthttp://www.who.int

5. Current Devices Complex electronic designs that measure many variables Cost of production is high and unavailable to people in underveloped nations $7 USD- >$500 USD Average cost $ 8 USD Average family in underdeveloped nation < $2 USD The World Bank, http://www.web.worldbank.org. Poverty Reduction and Equity.http://www.web.worldbank.org

6. Current Devices Incentive Spirometer – Indicator provides gauge of how well patient’s lungs are functioning Electronic Spirometer – Memory data recording – Precision improvements

7. Spirometers Currently Used

8. Considerations Low production and consumer costs Ease of use Easy to interpret visual feedback

9. Design Rectangular profile with hinged gates inside Gates in front require less expiration than gates in back As patient expires greater force of air the more gates lift which provides visual feedback Optional dye/marker

10. Design Dimensions: – 247.65mm x 100mm x 100mm – Mouthpiece: 30mm (outer diameter) 25 mm (inner diameter) Removable mouthpiece means device can be used by different patients

13. Results Normal Parameters of Spirometer: – 35cm x 10cm x 10cm – Due to restrictions on rapid prototyping machine off by approximately 5 inches in length Gated mechanism is working and with airflow gates lift Not exact due to length

19. Patents No patents for device similar to this one Patent for incentive spirometer filed on March 24, 1981 Patents expire within 17 years of filing Incentive Spirometer: United States Patent 4,391,283. http://www.freepatentsonline.comhttp://www.freepatentsonline.com

20. Future Directions Device has patent potential Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grant – Neglected Diseases unit under Global Health

21. Final Words Need for this device high in underdeveloped nations Not a cure/treatment but a diagnostic tool for at risk patients Market for device only in underdeveloped nations Easily standardized and mass produced