1. Welcome to the World There are five fields of learning in social studies. We learn about the world and its people by studying geography, history, economics, government, and culture. NEXT Unit 1 A Mongolian yurt, complete with a satellite television dish.

2. NEXT Welcome to the World The World at Your Fingertips SECTION 1 Many Regions, Many Cultures SECTION 2

3. Section 1 The World at Your Fingertips Social studies includes information from five fields of learning to provide a well-rounded picture of the world and its peoples. NEXT

4. The Peoples of the World Getting Along with Each Other Knowledge of other societies is the key to understanding them Knowledge of other cultures increases with: - advances in communication (the Internet) - advances in transportation (high-speed aircraft) - international trade - immigration The World at Your Fingertips 1 SECTION NEXT

5. Five Fields of Learning Social studies teaches about the world; it draws on: - geography - history - economics - government - culture Learning About the World NEXT 1 SECTION

6. History History is a record of the past; the past shapes the present History and Geography NEXT 1 SECTION The Five Themes of Geography Geography is the study of people, places, and the environment The study of geography focuses on five themes: - location - region - place - movement - human-environment interaction

7. How Countries Govern Every country has laws—rules that govern behavior Every country has ways to govern itself Government makes and enforces laws Government NEXT 1 SECTION Limited and Unlimited Governments Limited—everyone obeys laws, including rulers Unlimited—rulers have absolute authority over everyone, everything Continued...

8. Citizenship Citizen—a legal member of a country with rights and duties Two ways to achieve citizenship: - born in country - naturalization continued Government NEXT 1 SECTION

9. The Study of Resources Economics—the study of how people manage resources Scarcity—conflict between unlimited desires and limited resources Economics NEXT 1 SECTION Resources Economists identify three types of resources: - natural: gifts of nature - human: production skills - capital: goods and services produced Map

10. Command and Market Economies Command—government decides prices and what and how much to produce Market—companies use consumers to determine prices and production Kinds of Economies NEXT 1 SECTION Levels of Development Countries with high levels of economic development have: - education, health, employment, services, technology Countries with low levels of economic development have: - poor services, low employment, low literacy, low life expectancy

11. Ways of Living Culture—shared beliefs, customs, laws, art, ways of living Culture traits—those specific things people share Culture NEXT 1 SECTION

12. Section 2 Many Regions, Many Cultures The world can be divided into regions according to culture. NEXT

13. 2 SECTION Different Places, Different Cultures Regions of Culture Culture region—geographic area in which people share common: - beliefs - history - language - religion - technology - work - food - clothing - shelter Many Regions, Many Cultures NEXT Continued...

14. 2 SECTION The World’s Culture Regions The world has seven culture regions: - U.S. and Canada - Latin America - Europe and former U.S.S.R - North Africa and Southwest Asia - Africa south of the Sahara - South Asia - East Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands continued Different Places, Different Cultures NEXT Interactive Continued...

15. 2 SECTION Culture Regions Change Culture regions change as they borrow traits from one another Interdependence — culture regions depend on one another economically Events in one culture region affect other culture regions Advances in technology, communication have increased interdependence continued Different Places, Different Cultures NEXT

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