1. Prepared by The Brookings Welfare Reform & Beyond Initiative, May, 2003 1 1. End Cash Entitlement 2. Block Grant Funding 3. Work Requirements 4. Sanctions 5. 5-Year Time Limit Overview of TANF

2. Prepared by The Brookings Welfare Reform & Beyond Initiative, May, 2003 2 Percentage of Married, Single, and Never-Married Mothers Working, 1985-2001 Source: Gary Burtless, The Brookings Institution, 2002

3. Prepared by The Brookings Welfare Reform & Beyond Initiative, May, 2003 3 Earnings Increase: Welfare Income Falls for Bottom Two Fifths of Female-Headed Families Source: U.S. Census Bureau (Welfare income is cash, school lunch, food stamps, and housing; constant 2001 dollars).

4. Prepared by The Brookings Welfare Reform & Beyond Initiative, May, 2003 4 Poverty Rate for Children in Female-Headed and Married-Couple Families, 1974-2001 Source: U.S. Census Bureau 28.6 4.7 36.4 5.3

5. Prepared by The Brookings Welfare Reform & Beyond Initiative, May, 2003 5 Percentage of Children in Deep Poverty, 1988-2001 Source: U.S. Census Bureau 9.0 6.9

6. Prepared by The Brookings Welfare Reform & Beyond Initiative, May, 2003 6 Support for Working Families Increases Dramatically, 1984-1999 Source: Congressional Budget Office $ 5.6 $51.7 Spending in 1999 under: 1984 Law 1999 Law