1. Socialization Chapter 4

2. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 4-2 Genes or Environment? “Nature versus Nurture” Social environment The lessons of “feral” and isolated children Genie Helen Keller

3. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 4-3 The Social Development of the Self, Mind, & Emotions “Socialization” Learning the ways of society The development of ‘the self’

4. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 4-4 Cooley & the Looking-Glass Self Charles Horton Cooley (1864-1929) Symbolic Interactionism The “Self” is socially created in three stages: 1.We imagine how we appear to those around us 2.We interpret others’ reactions 3.We develop a self-concept

5. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 4-5 Mead & Role Taking George Herbert Mead (1863-1931) “Taking the role of the other” “Significant Others” “Generalized Other”

6. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 4-6 Mead & Role-Taking (cont.) Applying Mead’s ideas to gender roles Marlene Mackie Imitation/preparatory stage Play stage Game stage

7. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 4-7 Freud & the Development of Personality Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Three Elements of Personality 1. Id 2. Ego 3. Superego

8. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 4-8 Global Considerations: Teen Smoking & Socialization Social and commercial environment influences young people worldwide to start smoking Fun-loving and nonconformist image

9. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 4-9 Socialization & Gender Expectations of behaviour and attitudes on the basis of sex “Gender Roles” and Social Inequality Gender Messages in the Family Gender Messages in the Mass Media Television Contradictions and Complexities

10. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 4-10 Agents of Socialization Family Peer groups Sports Religion

11. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 4-11 Agents of Socialization (cont.) Daycare The School Manifest functions Latent functions The Workplace

12. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 4-12 Socialization & Resocialization Resocialization Learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviours to match new situations Total Institutions Isolation e.g., prisons Degradation ceremony Personal identity kit

13. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 4-13 Socialization through the Life Course Life Course The major events and stages of our lives from birth to death Childhood (birth to age 12) Adolescence (ages 13 to 17) Young adulthood (ages 18 to 29) The middle years (ages 30 to 65) The older years (ages 66 on)

14. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 4-14 The Outcomes of Socialization Trust & Belonging Social cohesion The degree to which members of a society feel united by shared values and other social bonds Belonging in the group, community organization, or society Interpersonal trust Social capital Trust and participation in civil space

15. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 4-15 The Limitations of Socialization Mead: Both the self AND the human mind are social products With some room for human freedom of choice “I”: self as active and experiencing subject “Me”: self as object