1. The Reproductive System

2. Function To ensure survival of the species
To produce egg and sperm cells
To transport and sustain these cells
To nurture the developing offspring
To produce hormones
Other systems strive to maintain a state of homeostasis

3. Intro to Human Reproduction
Gametes – reproductive cells
Males – sperm
Females – egg or ovum
Gonads – reproductive organs that produce gamete and sex hormones
Males – testis (plural: testes)
Females – ovary (plural: ovaries)

4. Intro to Human Reproduction
Puberty – the time during teenage years when males start to produce sperm and females start to release eggs.
Puberty occurs a couple of years earlier for females than males usually.
Menopause – the time when females stop releasing eggs. This usually occurs between 45 to 55 years of age.
Males do not undergo menopause and produce sperm all their lives following puberty.

5. Male – Path of the Sperm
Testes
Epididymis
Vas deferens
urethra

6. Male – Parts of the Reproductive System

7. Male Testes Produce sperm
Sperm production begins at puberty and continues throughout the life of a male
Produce testosterone
Hair patterns and voice changes
Development of the male accessory organs (prostate, seminal vesicles)
Stimulates the effect of protein building in the body that is responsible for the greater muscle development and strength

8. Male Duct system Epididymis Sperm mature in epididymis Vas deferens
Transports mature sperm to the urethra
Ejaculatory ducts
Empty into the urethra
Accessory organs
Seminal vesicles
holds the liquid that mixes with sperm to form semen. Semen contains fluid from the epididymis, seminal vesicle, prostate gland, and vas deferens.
Cowpar's Gland
Produces a sugary-rich fluid that provides energy to the sperm
Prostate Gland
The urethra runs through the center of the prostate, from the bladder to the penis,controlling urine flow out of the body. The prostate also secretes fluid that nourishes and protects sperm.

9. Male
Urethra
Tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body
Also carries semen out of the body (prostate enlarges to block flow of urine)
Penis
The urethra is located in the penis
Male reproductive unit

10. Fallopian tube (oviduct)
Female – Path of the Egg
Ovary
Fallopian tube (oviduct)
Uterus (womb)
Cervix
Vagina

11. Female – Parts of the Reproductive System

12. Female Ovary There are 2 ovaries
Produces eggs, f e sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) that regulate the menstrual ccle, pregnancy, and the secondary characteristics (breasts, enlarged hips)
At birth, females have all their eggs formed, but in an immature state
After puberty and before menopause, one egg is released about every 28 days from each ovary
Fallopian Tube
Connects between ovary and uterus, fertilization of egg by sperm takes place here
Uterus
Strong, muscular and elastic organ where a fetus develops
After an egg is released from the ovary, a blood-filled lining (endometrium) develops on the walls of the uterus in preparation for the nourishment of the fetus. If no fertilization occurs, then this lining passes out through the vagina over several days as “periods” or menstruation

13. Female Cervix The opening between the uterus and the vagina
During pregnancy, a plug forms across the cervix separating the uterus from the outside to prevent infection of the fetus. This plug falls out, and the cervix dilates before the birth of a baby.
Vagina
An elastic muscular organ that expands during birth to allow for the passage of the baby.
A.K.A. Birth canal

14. Process of Fertilization23
Unpaired
chromosomes 23
Unpaired
chromosomes
Human egg cell
from the mother
Human sperm cell
from the father 46
chromosomes
In 23 pairs
Fertilized egg