1. Cell Structure & Function Part 1

2. Objectives Describe the function of the cell membrane
Describe the function of the major cell organelles

3. Cell Membrane All cells have a cell membrane
Regulates what comes in & out of the cell (selectively permeable)
Provides structure and support
Made of a lipid bilayer which provides a strong flexible barrier

4. The phospholipid bilayer has carbohydrates AND proteins embedded within!

5. Membrane Proteins
Some proteins are attached to the surfaces of the cell membrane
Peripheral proteins are located on both the interior surface and exterior surface of the cell membrane
Integral proteins are imbedded in the bilayer
Fluid Mosaic Model.mov

6. Eukaryotic cell structure
Made up of organelles or “little organs”
Divided into 2 parts: nucleus & cytoplasm
Between the cell membrane and the nucleus lies the cytoplasm (contains the organelles)
The organelles are surrounded by a liquid called cytosol
cytoplasm
nucleus

7. Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Like a Factory!

9. Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell!

10. Mitochondria Converts food into compounds the cell uses
The process of Cellular Respiration takes place in mitochondria (breaking down food to produce ATP)
Mitochondria are from the egg cell, so thank your MOM!

11. Mitochondria… Surrounded by two membranes Smooth outer membrane
Inner membrane- has many folds called cristae

12. Ribosomes Are made of RNA and protein Assemble proteins
Protein assembly instruction comes from the nucleus
Cells active in protein synthesis have many ribosomes

13. Endoplasmic reticulum
Makes and exports proteins and lipids
It’s like an assembly line or highway of the cell
Rough ER makes proteins, so its covered in ribosomes!
Smooth ER, involved in the synthesis of steroids in gland cells, regulation of calcium in muscle cells, and breakdown of toxins in liver cells

14. Customizes proteins made in ER
Golgi Apparatus
Modifies, sorts and packages
Customizes proteins made in ER
It’s like the shipping department or UPS

15. Lysosomes Clean up crew, remove junk!
Digest or break down lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and old organelles
Common in animal cells, rare in plant cells
Filled with enzymes

16. Review Describe the function of the cell membrane
Regulates what enters and leaves the cell and provides support and protection
Describe the function of the major cell organelles
Mitochondria- convert the chemical energy in food into compounds the cell can use (powerhouse of the cell)
Ribosomes- assemble proteins

17. Review… Endoplasmic reticulum- makes and exports proteins and lipids
Rough ER- makes proteins (covered by ribosomes)
Smooth ER- makes enzymes, membrane lipids and detoxifies drugs
Golgi apparatus- modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell
Lysosomes- digest things