1. Unit B: Cell structure

2. Animal cell

3. Liver Cell

4. Cell membrane

5. Nucleus

7. Nuclear pores

8. FUNCTIONS OF NUCLEUS: Nuclear membrane/envelope bilayer, separates and contains nuclear contents (DNA). Nuclear pores: allow mRNA out of nucleus, nucleotides, nutrients & enzymes in. They are made from protein. Chromatin: Protein & DNA; form chromosomes when cell divides. Nucleolus:contains rRNA and Ribosomal proteins.

9. The Endoplasmic Reticulum: ER Rough E.R. Studded with ribosomes Site of protein synthesis for proteins meant for export Phospholipids made here Smooth E.R. Detoxifies poisons (found in liver cells) Synthesize steroids

11. Endoplasmic Reticulum

12. Endoplasmic reticulum

13. Ribosomes

14. Function of Ribosomes Made from two protein subunits and rRNA Some are free, found alone in cytoplasm Others are attached to the RER Translation of mRNA into polypeptides or PROTEIN SYNTHESIS!

15. Ribosome structure:

16. Mitochondria

17. Function of Mitochondria: Cellular Respiration converts energy in Glucose to ATP C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O + 38 ATP Found in large numbers in energetic cells (sperm cells, muscles etc.)

18. Golgi apparatus Looks like a series of flattened sacules. Appears close to the cell membrane.

19. Golgi Packages, modifies and stores molecules. Forms transport or secretory vesicles Involved in export of proteins through exocytosis. Draw diagram page 2 in green book

20. Lysosomes

21. Lysosomes: Contain hydrolytic enzymes (help to perform hydrolysis) for digesting molecules. These special vacuoles merge with another molecule containing vacuole for cell digestion. Called “suicide sacs”, contents could destroy cell!

22. Microtubules, cytoskeleton

23. Cytoskeleton Many protein filaments (actin filaments and microtubules) help organize and anchor cell parts.

24. cilia

25. Cilia and flagella microtubule arrangement 9+2

26. Function of cilia and flagella: Cilia: Line the respiratory passages and sweep mucus upwards. Line the oviducts to transport ovum to uterus Flagella: Propel sperm towards the ovum.