1. Vaccination for Contagious Diseases Preventing Disease Transmission During Vaccination Adapted from the FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases (2011)

2. Any mass vaccination program has the potential to spread diseases Follow appropriate biosecurity measures – Equipment, clothing, hands, vehicles, or personnel USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention Preventing Transmission

3. Pathogenic agents and disease can be spread by one of five main methods: – Oral – Aerosol – Direct contact – Fomites – Vectors USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention Disease Transmission

4. Personnel – Keep fingernails trimmed and clean – Pull back hair or cover hair – Do not wear jewelry – Wash hands or change gloves between animals USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention Risk Management

5. Personnel continued - – Wear outer protective clothing and change as appropriate – Clean boots before and after entering USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention Risk Management

6. Personnel continued - – Separate contaminated clothing – Do not wear protective clothing home – Shower in and out of large production units when possible USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention Risk Management

7. General – Use disposable equipment – Use new, sterile needles – Contain refuse on site – Use smallest vaccine vial possible – Clean and disinfect multi-dose syringes USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention Risk Management

8. General – Decontaminate reusable equipment Submerging in disinfectant Wiping the surface with disinfectant – Do not expose the vaccine in the syringe or needle to disinfectant – Follow farm decon procedures Vehicles, equipment, PPE USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention Risk Management

9. Vaccination Strategies During An Outbreak USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention

10. Various vaccination strategies may be employed based on the following factors: – Scope of the outbreak – Population at risk – Chosen objectives – Geographic considerations – Nature of disease and vaccine efficacy – Trade restrictions – Resource availability USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention Vaccination Strategies

11. Suppressive vaccination – Decrease probability of infection – Reduce shedding from infected animals Targeted vaccination – Specific populations or areas – Ring and Barrier Strategies USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention Vaccination Strategies

12. Vaccination may be inappropriate – Trade issues – Vaccinated animals cannot be distinguished from naturally infected animals If DIVA vaccines are not available DIVA = Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals OR Detection of Infection in Vaccinated Animals USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention No Vaccination

13. Proper vaccine handling and storage, correct administration protocols, appropriate animal handling methods and applicable biosecurity procedures are crucial to success USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention Conclusion

14. FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines & SOP: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases (2011) – http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_ health/emergency_management/ http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_ health/emergency_management/ Vaccination for Contagious Diseases web-base training module – http://naherc.sws.iastate.edu/ http://naherc.sws.iastate.edu/ USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases: Overview For More Information

15. Authors (CFSPH) Jim Roth, DVM, PhD, DACVM Amber Stumbaugh, MS Anna Rovid-Spickler, DVM, PhD Danelle Bickett-Weddle, DVM, MPH, PhD, DACVPM Reviewers (USDA) Patricia Foley, DVM, PhD R. Alex Thompson, DVM, PhD USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases: Overview Guidelines Content

16. Acknowledgments Development of this presentation was by the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University through funding from the USDA APHIS Veterinary Services PPT Author: Patricia Futoma, Veterinary Student, Iowa State University Reviewers: Cheryl L. Eia, JD, DVM, MPH; Janice Mogan, DVM