1. Liquid Ingenuity. Innovative Effective Dedicated Quietly Confident January 2014 CONFINED SPACES

2. Liquid Ingenuity. Pre-Meeting Notes Remember to review the notes section of the presentation prior to presenting Begin the meeting with Does anyone one have examples of “Stop the job”? Does anyone have any safety concerns? Review significant company incidents – Use them to engage in a conversation

3. Liquid Ingenuity. WHAT IS CONFINED SPACE?

4. Liquid Ingenuity. CONFINED SPACE DEFINITION OSHA - 29 CFR 1910.146 defines a confined space as any space meeting all three of the following conditions: 1. 1) Large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work. 2. 2) Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit. 3. 3) Not designed for continuous employee occupancy.  Rain For Rent considers all of its tanks to be Permit Required Confined Spaces;  Rain For Rent expects all contactors to meet or exceed all Local, State or Federal Safety and Health Regulations pertaining to confined spaces.

5. Liquid Ingenuity. PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACES Most fixed facilities have Permit-Required confined spaces. We cannot enter these spaces without proper training, equipment, and documentation.

6. Liquid Ingenuity. PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE DEFINITION  A permit required confined space is any space having one or more of the following conditions:  (1) Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere;  (2) Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant;  (3) Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section; or  (4) Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard.

7. Liquid Ingenuity. TRAINING  Before entering any confined space, you should know the nature of the hazards involved, the necessary precautions to be taken, and in the use of protective and emergency equipment required.

8. Liquid Ingenuity. Who Goes in Confined Spaces?  Permitted workers are “Entrants” and need training above and beyond that provided in this power point to ensure they understand the hazards involved and how the work they are doing may create additional hazards.  Work done in confined spaces: Cleaning Painting Welding Scraping Repairs and maintenance

9. Liquid Ingenuity. OSHA FACTS 2012  About a million employees  enter confined spaces every  day, according to OSHA.  70 workers per year never  make it back home to their families…  In February 2012, a Texas-based energy company was fined more than $70,000 for confined space violations with hydraulic fracking tanks.

10. Liquid Ingenuity. CONFINED SPACE PERMITS

11. Liquid Ingenuity. Entry Permit Systems Save Lives  Identify dangerous conditions  Prevent accidental entry  Describe conditions required for safe entry  List procedures for emergency rescue

12. Liquid Ingenuity. Common Confined Spaces  Tanks  Vaults  Silos/Storage bins  Pits  Boilers  Ducts/Crawl spaces  Tunnels  Sewers  Elevator shafts  Process vessels  Pipelines

13. Liquid Ingenuity. Most Common Hazards  Flammable gases, vapors,  mists, dust  Toxic gases, vapors, dust  Low oxygen levels  Liquids or flowing solids  Entrapping design  High heat  Power/Equipment  Slippery floors  Noise

14. Liquid Ingenuity. No. 1 cause of death: Low oxygen  Death, severe injury:  Oxygen 6% or lower  At risk when oxygen level’s  below 19.5%  Normal atmosphere:  20.9% oxygen  Signs of oxygen deprivation: Shortness of breath Increased heart rate Dizziness Impaired judgment

15. Liquid Ingenuity. Attendant Responsibilities o Ensure safety of entrants in confined space. If entrant becomes injured  within the confined space,  summon rescue workers. Maintain communication with entrant at all times. Never allow unauthorized employees to enter.  The attendant is not a gofer and must never leave if there are people in the space.

16. Liquid Ingenuity. Entrant Responsibilities  Maintain communications  with attendant  Use personal protective equipment  Alert attendant if you: Notice any change in the way you feel See conditions that look dangerous

17. Liquid Ingenuity. Do not attempt a rescue!  More than half the fatalities in a confined space are would be rescuers. Typical equipment needed to perform a rescue

18. Liquid Ingenuity. OSHA FATAL FACT Four Died in Confined Space.  A project involved the upgrade/replacement of a sewer pumping station and the contractor prepared a confined space entry permit for the work. One employee was disconnecting a sewer bypass connection in a manhole while three others were at the manhole entrance. The manhole filled with sewage and gasses from the sewer line, and the employee was overcome by a lack of oxygen. The other three employees tried to help. Each entered the manhole one at a time, apparently to attempt rescue. Each was overcome by the sewer gases and died. The Bottom Line:  Asphyxiation (lack of oxygen) is not like what you see in the movies. You can’t go in unprotected. Upon your first breath you pass out. If a retrieval system is not in place, anyone who enters the space to rescue you will die. Many workers have died simply by putting their heads in manholes to assess a situation. Even without fully entering the confined space, these workers were immediately incapacitated. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

19. Liquid Ingenuity. Our tanks  Entering our tanks for any purpose is not acceptable unless that branch and those employees have special equipment, training, and been approved by EH&S.

20. Liquid Ingenuity. SUMMARY  Improper entry into confined spaces is a leading cause of death in the workplace  An entry requires Entrants, Attendants and Supervisors to evaluate and coordinate all entries to ensure hazards are identified prior to entry.