1. Statistics Canada Statistique Canada ETHNIC IDENTIFICATION IN CANADA: Data from the Ethnic Diversity Survey Jennifer Chard & Jane Badets 2004 Congress of the Humanities and Social Sciences Canadian Population Society Annual Meetings June 4, 2004, Winnipeg, Manitoba

2. What is the Ethnic Diversity Survey? jPost-censal survey which targeted non- Aboriginal individuals aged 15 and older living in private dwellings in Canada’s ten provinces jTwo-phase stratified sampling design based on responses to the 2001 Census ethnic origin, birthplace & birthplace of parents questions jComputer Assisted Telephone Interviews were conducted across Canada: April to August 2002 j42,500 respondents: response rate = 75.6%

3. Outline of presentation jReview of measures of ethnicity included in the EDS; jOverview of the generational and ethnic composition of Canada in 2002; jBrief summary of findings for various measures of ethnic identification by generational status.

4. Measures of ethnic ancestry and ethnic identification jEthnic ancestry jImportance of ethnic ancestry jEthnic identity jImportance of ethnic identity jImportance of ethnic customs & traditions jSense of belonging to ethnic group

5. Nearly six-in-10 people aged 15 and older were three or more generations in Canada Note: Refers to Canada’s non-Aboriginal population aged 15 and older. Source: Statistics Canada, Ethnic Diversity Survey, 2002.

6. 1 st generation ethnically diverse; 2 nd generation reflects waves of European immigration; 3 rd + generation mainly British, French &/or Canadian ancestries Note: Refers to Canada’s non-Aboriginal population aged 15 and older. Source: Statistics Canada, Ethnic Diversity Survey, 2002. Generational status by selected ethnic ancestry categories

7. Top 10 ethnic ancestries (total responses) by generation Total population 1.English 2.Scottish 3.Irish 4.French 5.German 6.Canadian 7.Québécois 8.Italian 9.French-Can. 10.Chinese 1 st generation 1.Chinese 2.East Indian 3.Italian 4.English 5.German 6.Scottish 7.Filipino 8.Portuguese 9.Polish 10.Irish 2 nd generation 1.English 2.Scottish 3.Irish 4.German 5.Italian 6.Canadian 7.Dutch 8.Ukrainian 9.French 10.British, n.i.e. 3+ generation 1.English 2.Irish 3.Scottish 4.French 5.Canadian 6.German 7.Québécois 8.French-Can. 9.Ukrainian 10.British, n.i.e. Note: Refers to Canada’s non-Aboriginal population aged 15 and older. Source: Statistics Canada, Ethnic Diversity Survey, 2002.

8. Top 10 ethnic identities (total responses) by generation Total population 1.Canadian 2.Québécois 3.English 4.French-Can. 5.French 6.Chinese 7.Irish 8.Scottish 9.Italian 10.German 1 st generation 1.Canadian 2.Chinese 3.East Indian 4.Italian 5.English 6.Filipino 7.Portuguese 8.German 9.Polish 10.Punjabi 2 nd generation 1.Canadian 2.English 3.Italian 4.German 5.Chinese 6.Ukrainian 7.Scottish 8.Irish 9.Québécois 10.French 3+ generation 1.Canadian 2.Québécois 3.French-Can. 4.English 5.French 6.Irish 7.Scottish 8.German 9.Newfound’er 10.Ukrainian Note: Refers to Canada’s non-Aboriginal population aged 15 and older. Source: Statistics Canada, Ethnic Diversity Survey, 2002.

9. Canadian, Québécois, Acadian & provincial identities reported by 7-in-10 respondents % Note: Refers to Canada’s non-Aboriginal population aged 15 and older. Source: Statistics Canada, Ethnic Diversity Survey, 2002. * Provincial group responses include “Newfoundlander”, “Albertan” etc. % reporting Canadian, Québécois, Acadian and provincial group responses by generational status

10. Who is reporting Canadian identity and who is not reporting Canadian identity? Note: Refers to Canada’s non-Aboriginal population aged 15 and older. Source: Statistics Canada, Ethnic Diversity Survey, 2002. Selected ancestries (total responses) With Canadian identity Canadian identity only Canadian and other identity Canadian91%81%9% French-Canadian88%82%6% Norwegian81%77%4% E Dutch78%69%9% Scottish74%68%6% English69%63%6% Chinese40%16%24% East Indian, n.i.e.33%18%14% Filipino28%13%15% Quebecois(e)21%14%8% E: Use with caution “n.i.e.” means “not included elsewhere”.

11. Ethnic distribution of the population is different for identity compared with ancestry % Note: Refers to Canada’s non-Aboriginal population aged 15 and older. Source: Statistics Canada, Ethnic Diversity Survey, 2002. % reporting selected ethnic category responses by generational status

12. Identity rated high in importance more often than ancestry, less variation by generation % % who gave a 4 or 5 in response to the importance question (on a scale of 1 to 5 with 1 being not important at all and 5 being very important) Note: Refers to Canada’s non-Aboriginal population aged 15 and older. Source: Statistics Canada, Ethnic Diversity Survey, 2002.

13. Immigrants of the 1990’s more likely to say ethnic customs & traditions are important % % of those who rated at least one ethnic ancestry other than Canadian a 4 or 5 in importance in the importance of ancestry question and who gave a 4 or 5 in response to the importance of ethnic customs and traditions question (on a scale of 1 to 5 with 1 being not important at all and 5 being very important) Note: Refers to Canada’s non-Aboriginal population aged 15 and older. Source: Statistics Canada, Ethnic Diversity Survey, 2002.

14. Immigrants of the 1990s have a strong sense of belonging to their ethnic group % % who gave a 4 or 5 in response to the sense of belonging to ethnic group question (on a scale of 1 to 5 with 1 being not strong at all and 5 being very strong) Note: Refers to Canada’s non-Aboriginal population aged 15 and older. Source: Statistics Canada, Ethnic Diversity Survey, 2002.

15. jItalian ancestry 62% of 1 st generation 54% of 2 nd generation or more jChinese ancestry 60% of 1 st generation who arrived 1991-2001 58% of 1 st generation who arrived before 1991 52% of 2 nd generation or more jGerman ancestry 39% of 1 st generation 33% of 2 nd generation or more Sense of belonging varies both by ethnic group and generations in Canada % who gave a 4 or 5 in response to the sense of belonging to ethnic group question (on a scale of 1 to 5 with 1 being not strong at all and 5 being very strong) Note: Refers to Canada’s non-Aboriginal population aged 15 and older. Source: Statistics Canada, Ethnic Diversity Survey, 2002.

16. What the Ethnic Diversity Survey tells us about ethnicity in Canada jThere is clearly a difference in reporting patterns between ethnic ancestry and ethnic identity; jFor both measurements of ethnicity, there were reporting differences according to the number of generations in Canada; jGenerational differences were also evident in in terms of sense of belonging to the ethnic group and importance of carrying on the customs and traditions of the ethnic group.

17. Questions? Ethnic Diversity Survey Contact: Jennifer Chard Senior Analyst Ethnicity & Immigration Statistics, Statistics Canada 604-666-8880 (Vancouver) jennifer.chard@statcan.ca