1. 1 Renewable Energy Designs Proposal Presentation December 1, 2003 Renewable Commuter Car www.cet.nau.edu/~pdd3/solar

2. 2 Renewable Energy Designs Krystle Bobby Dave Justin Elliott Rubino Olsen Dufek Smith Rector

3. 3 Overview We are working in conjunction with our sponsor to develop a proof-of-concept for a sustainable renewable energy commuter vehicle.

4. 4 Sponsor Novakinetics Jim Corning MSME from MIT Composite Materials Aerospace and Optics Solar Commuter Vehicle Faculty Advisor: Dr. Albert Gossler

5. 5 Problem Statement Develop a proof-of-concept for a stand-alone commuter vehicle that will be used for the purpose of traveling to work for a range of 15 miles per day in typical Flagstaff environmental and road conditions that will be completely sustainable from renewable energies. Project Description

6. 6 Project Requirements Energy Collection –Collect enough to drive 15 miles/day –80-100 ft 2 solar cells –Exert enough energy to drive in typical Flagstaff Conditions Energy Storage –Store enough to operate for 3 days –Self Sustaining Energy Expenditures –Maintain 40 mph –Acceleration bursts to 70 mph –Maintain speed limit up Cedar Hill

7. 7 Project Specifications Flagstaff, Arizona road and environmental conditions Vehicle fits into one standard parking space (9’x18’) Completely sustainable from renewable energies (3 days) Ergonomics, accessories, manufacturing, safety, aerodynamics, and ease of operation

8. 8 Project Deliverables 3-D CAD modeling of sub-systems and final assembly of sub-systems Performance Analysis –Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) –Weight –Efficiency –Finite Element Analysis (FEA) Sub-system prototypes (real or virtual)

9. 9 Gantt Chart

10. 10 Milestones Fall 2003 11/3 Webpage 12/1 Proposal Document/Presentation 12/31 Finished Design of 2 sub-systems Spring 2004 2/23 Final Design of sub-systems 4/12 Final Design Document 4/23 Conference Presentation

11. 11 Deployable Array Possible $3,500 for proposed 100 ft² Could weigh in around 200 lbs Less than 1” thick Power- Rated at over 1 kW

12. 12 Motor / Drive System DC Brushless Motor ( 30-40 HP) Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) High Efficiency (95%) Motor cost around $1,000

13. 13 Suspension Front Suspension –Trailing Arms Simple More space for regenerative braking system Independent Rear Suspension –Swing Arm Simple Narrow for vehicle aerodynamics

14. 14 Storage System Batteries –Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) –Reliable –Heavy –Available

15. 15 Frame www.wsc.org.au/solarcars.htm Tubular steel design –Carbon/Chromoly steel –Understand material properties –Simple to form/weld Needs to support about 1,200 lbs –Majority of weight is from Batteries Provide base for aerodynamic composite shell Budget $520 for materials

16. 16 Aerodynamics Three types of drag –Induced Drag Pressure gradient from a nonsymmetrical design –Pressure Drag Boundary layer separation Accounts for most of drag force –Skin Friction Drag Rubbing of fluid occurs on any design Minimal drag force at city driving speeds

17. 17 Ergonomics Heater –Efficient Heat pump Stereo –15 watt cd player Chair –Plastic with cover

18. 18 Ergonomics, Cont. Heater –Uses heat pump cycle –Can be reversed to use as an air conditioner –Basically pumps heat from the cold air into the inside air of the vehicle

19. 19 Steering Basic rack and pinion setup –Torque input from driver –No power steering needed due to the weight of the vehicle

20. 20 Regenerative Brakes Magnetic Brakes –Create opposing magnetic fields to resist motion –Recaptures momentum as electrical energy –Recharges and extends driving range of batteries

21. 21 Sources http://www.sunraycer.com “Electric Driving Support.” Continental Temic “Regenerative Braking” 10 Oct 2003 http://www.ctts.nrel.gov/analysis/advisor_do c/regen.htm http://www.ctts.nrel.gov/analysis/advisor_do c/regen.htm http://www.brinkdynamics.nl/technical/dvc.h tml http://www.brinkdynamics.nl/technical/dvc.h tml “Lighter, Smaller, Stronger”.Automotive Engineer. 07/2001, Vol. 26 Iss 6 p16 State of the Art Research

22. 22 Overall Team Hours 307.5 Total Project Hours 180 Team Hours

23. 23 Project Hours

24. 24 Budget

25. 25 Conclusion In conclusion, we have built a good base of research and client contact that will help us achieve a successful project, and look forward to sharing our progress throughout the year.

26. 26 Future Plans Keep in close contact with Jim Corning Continue to refine sub-system designs More SOTA research Complete two sub-system designs by Dec. 31 Solid modeling of sub-systems Related analyses for sub-systems

27. 27 Any questions? Questions