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Published byAnnabel Shaw Modified over 9 years ago
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The Neolithic Revolution Ms. Carmelitano
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The Neolithic Revolution The “New Stone Age” The Agricultural Revolution The shift from “food gathering” to “food producing” Began between 9000 – 5000 BCE
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Important Note This was not one sudden “Revolution” It was a slow change from hunter-gathering to farming These changes took place at different times all over the world
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Where it all Began "Fertile Crescent" in what is now modern Iraq A crescent-shaped region Contains moist and fertile land in otherwise arid area Agriculture and pastoralism diffused from Mesopotamia to Egypt, Western Europe and the Indus Valley
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Causes of the Neolithic Revolution Warmer Climate Change Big game migrated to the mountains, limiting the food source Longer growing season and drier land This leads to a population boom Hunting and gathering could no longer support the population Farming provides a steady source of food
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“Invention of Farming”
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Effect of the NR: New Farming Techniques Slash and burn farming – cut trees and grasses and burned them to clear a field The ashes fertilized the soil Crops planted for a year or two and then moved to a new area so the grasses could grow back Domestication of animals - taming Horses, cows, goats, pigs Pastoral Nomads They moved their animals to new pasture grounds and watering holes
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Map of Crops
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Effect of the NR: Job Specialization In Hunter-Gatherer clans every person was required for hunting or gathering In sedentary societies, people could now have specialized jobs Builders Inventors/scientists Artists – wove baskets, made pottery and jewelry
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Effect of the NR: The Economy The establishment of traditional economies An economy based on agriculture, manufacturing, and trade The first social classes emerge as a result Warrior, farmer, craftsman classes Stratification between men and women
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Effect of the NR: Metal Tools Metal tools and weapons replaced stone tools Farming allows for job specialization Smiths could make innovations to tools Useful to agriculture and herding Metal farming tools were more efficient Metal plow Metal hoes and farm tools Advanced tools increased food production increases the population more job specialization more inventions to make life easier
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Effect of the NR: New Diseases Clans began to live in close quarters with animals Disease became rampant Smallpox, Tuberculosis, measles, influenza, malaria The rat Immunity Introduction to these disease helped people develop immune systems
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Spread of Ideas As nomadic clans passed through these new settlements, the ideas spread
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