1. Chapter 8 Social Stratification

2. Chapter Outline Using the Sociological Imagination Dimensions of Stratification Explanations of Stratification Stratification in American Society

3. Chapter Outline Poverty in America Consequences of Stratification Social Mobility Global Stratification

4. Stratification Social Stratification ranks individuals by wealth, prestige, and power. A stratification structure is composed of: Social classes Segments of a population whose members hold a similar share of resources.

5. Occupational Prestige Occupations with the greatest prestige: Pay the most Require the greatest amount of training, skill, and ability Provide the most power Are considered the most important

6. Percentage Change in After- Tax Income 1977–1999

7. Shares of Wealth

8. Prestige Rankings of Selected Occupations in the U.S. OccupationPrestige Score Surgeon87 Lawyer75 College professor74 Engineer71 School principal69 Pharmacist68

9. Prestige Rankings of Selected Occupations in the U.S. OccupationPrestige Score Registered nurse66 Accountant65 Professional athlete65 Public grade school teacher 64 Banker63 Druggist63

10. Prestige Rankings of Selected Occupations in the U.S. OccupationPrestige Score Veterinarian 62 Police officer61 Actor60 Journalist60 TV anchorman60 Businessperson60

11. Theoretical Perspectives: Social Stratification PerspectiveResearch Topic FunctionalismRelationship between job performance and pay Conflict theoryRelationship between social class and the likelihood of punishment for a crime Symbolic Interactionism Link between social class and self-esteem

12. Functionalism and Stratification Stratification: Motivates people to prepare themselves for difficult and important jobs. Motivates people to perform well once they are in those jobs.

13. Social Classes in America Upper class Middle class Working class Lower class Underclass

14. American Class Structure

15. The Distribution of Poverty in the United States

16. Measuring Poverty Absolute poverty Determined by annual income. Anything below a determined (absolute) amount is poverty. Relative poverty Contrasts income groups at the bottom of the stratification structure with those above them.

17. Percentage of the U.S. Population in Poverty

18. Ideology of Individualism 1. Each individual should work hard to succeed in competition with others. 2. Those who work hard should be rewarded with success.

19. Ideology of Individualism 3. Because of widespread and equal opportunity, those who work hard will be rewarded with success. 4. Economic failure is an individual’s own fault and reveals lack of effort.

20. Perceived Reasons for Poverty in the United States Reasons for Poverty Importance VerySomewhatNot Lack of proper money management 64%30%6% Lack of effort53398

21. Perceived Reasons for Poverty in the United States Reasons for Poverty Importance VerySomewhatNot Loose morals and drunkenness 443027 Low wages 404714

22. Perceived Reasons for Poverty in the United States Reasons for Poverty Importance VerySomewhatNot Failure of society to provide good schools 462926 Prejudice and discrimination 314425

23. Global Inequality

24. People Living on Less than $1 a Day Region 1987 % of pop. 1998 % of pop. Sub-Saharan Africa46.646.3 South Asia44.940.0 Latin America & Caribbean15.315.6 East Asia & Pacific26.615.3 Eastern Europe & Central Asia 0.25.1 Middle East & North Africa4.31.9