1. How to Read a Poem: 1. Read the poem aloud and try to catch the speaker’s tone of voice. 2. Pay attention the group of lines and don’t stop in each line. 3. Read the poem a second and a third time 4. Try to use a standard dictionary.

6. Personification consists in giving the attributes of a human being to an animal, an object, or idea. Personification is a subtype of metaphor (Perrine, 1983:574) For example: The old train crept along the narrow path Shakespeare Flames ate the house Shakespeare

11. Symbol is defined as something that means more than what it is (Perrine, 1974: 628). Symbols seldom have a definite meaning. For example: A Lily may symbolize purity and calm beauty to one person, but may symbolize death to another person. Some dirty dogs stole my wallet at bus

12. Meter is a pattern of stressed(accented) sound. 1. Metrical Feet a. Iamb (adjective: iambic b. Trochee (trochaic) c. Anapest (anapestic) d. Dactyl (dactylic) e. Spondee (spondaic) f. Pyrrhic 2. Metrical Lines -Monometer, dimeter, trimeter, tetrameter, pentameter, hexameter, heptameter, octameter.

13. Rhyme is the repetition of the identical or similar stressed sound or sounds- is not. 1. Perfect, or exact rhyme: (foe- toe; meet-fleet; buffer- rougher). 2. Half rhyme: (soul-oil; mirth-forth; trolley-bully). 3. Eye rhyme: (cough-bough). 4. Masculine rhyme: (stark-mark; support-retort). 5. Feminine rhyme: (revival-arrival; flatter-batter). 6. Triple rhyme: (machinery-scenery; tenderly- slendery). 7. End rhyme

14. 8. Internal rhyme : (cell-dwell). 9. Alliteration: (“after life’s fitful fever”). 10. Assonance: (tide and hide are rhymes, tide and mine are assonantal). 11. Consonance: (fail-feel; rough-roof).

15. Lines of poetry are commonly arranged in a rhythmical unit called a stanza. 1. Couplet: a stanza of two lines. 2. Heroic couplet: a rhyming couplet of iambic pentameter. 3. Triplet (or tercet): a three-line stanza. 4. Quatrain: a four-line stanza. 5. Sonnet: a fourteen-line poem.

16. Blank verse is an unrhymed of English poetry.