1. Introduction to Sheet Metal Layout By Sarah Jean Dover Adapted from http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/librar y/policy/navy/nrtc/14251_ch2.pdf http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/librar y/policy/navy/nrtc/14251_ch2.pdf

2. Layout Tools The LAYOUT of metal is the procedure of measuring and marking material for cutting, drilling, or welding. Most cases use shop drawings, sketches, and blueprints to obtain the measurements required to fabricate the job. Some common tools are: scriber, flat steel square, combination square, protractor, prick punch, dividers, trammel points, and circumference rule.

3. Scriber Lines are scribed on sheet metal with a Scratch Awl, coupled with a Steel Scale or a Straightedge. For best results, hold the scale or straightedge firmly in place. Set the point of the scriber as close to edge of the scale as possible by tilting the scriber outward. Exert pressure on the point and draw the line, tilting the tool slightly in the direction of movement.

4. Flat Steel Square The tool is used for constructing perpendicular or parallel lines. In the method of layout, known as parallel line development, the flat steel square is used to construct lines that are parallel to each other as well as perpendicular to the base line. Before use, and at periodic intervals, be sure to check for accuracy. If the tool is off, then your work will be off.

5. Combination Square The tool can be used to draw a similar set of lines. Use an edge of the metal you are working on as the baseline. One edge of the head of the combination square is 90 degrees and the other edge is 45 degrees. They must be kept clean and stored properly to keep their usefulness.

6. Protractor and Prick Punch Protractors make it possible to create angles other than 45 or 90 degrees. Mark the vertex of the angle of your baseline with a prick punch. Set the vertex of your protractor on the mark and then scribe a V at the desired angle. Scribe the line between the vertex and the point located by the V, then you have constructed your angle. Be sure to use a light tap with a small ball pen hammer on the precise spot intended to mark. The smaller the mark, the more accurate it becomes.

7. Dividers Dividers should be used to scribe arcs and circles, to transfer measurements from a scale to your layout, and to transfer measurements from one part of the layout to another. Setting the dividers carefully is very important. When you transfer a measurement from a scale to the work, set one of the dividers on the mark and carefully adjust the other leg to the required length.

8. Dividers continued. To scribe a circle, or an arc, grasp the dividers between the fingers and the thumb. Place the point of one leg on the center, and swing the arc. Exert enough pressure to hold the point on center, slightly inclining the dividers in the direction in which they are being rotated.

9. Trammel Points To scribe a circle with a radius larger than your dividers, you should select TRAMMEL POINTS. The method of adjusting the points is to set the left-hand point on one mark, slide the right-hand point to the required distance, and tighten the thumbscrew. The arc, or circle, is then scribed in the same manner as with the dividers.

10. Circumference Rule This is another way of determining circumference. The upper edge of the circumference rule is graduated in inches in the same manner as a regular layout scale, but the lower edge is graduated.