2. Chapter 6

3. Growing!  Patterns of Growth Children grow faster during the first 3 years, especially during the first few months, than they ever will again This rapid growth rate tapers off during the second and third years

4. Body Growth  Gain 50% in height from birth to age 1. 75% by age 2  Grow in spurts  Gain “baby fat” until about 9 months, then get slimmer  Girls slightly shorter and lighter than boys

5. Changes in Body Proportions

6. Growth Trends Cephalocaudal  “Head to Tail”  Lower part of body grows later than the head Proximodistal  “Near to far”  Extremities grow later than head, chest, and trunk

7. Growing Gabe…

20.  Based on the material in your text… 1. What are the physical changes you observed? 2. What other changes do you think he’s gone through in his first 2 years of life? 3. What can impact physical development?

21. Major Milestones of Brain Development

22. Influences on Early Growth  Heredity  Nutrition  Emotional Well-Being

23. Benefits of Breastfeeding  Correct fat-protein balance  Nutritionally complete  More digestible  Better growth  Disease protection  Better jaw and tooth development  Easier transition to solid food

24. Regions of the Cerebral Cortex

25. Motor Development

26. Steps in Reaching and Grasping  Prereaching  Reaching With two hands, then one  Ulnar Grasp Adjust grip to object Move objects from hand to hand  Pincer Grasp

27. Developments in Hearing 4 – 6 months Sense of musical phrasing 6 months “Screen out” sounds from non- native languages 7 – 9 months Recognize familiar words, natural phrasing in native language 10 months Can detect words that start with weak syllables

28. Improvements in Vision Brain development helps infants reach adult levels of vision skills:  2 months: Focus and color vision  6 months: acuity, scanning & tracking  6–7 months: depth perception

29. Steps in Depth Perception Birth – 1 month Sensitivity to motion cues 2 – 4 months Sensitivity to binocular cues 5 –12 months Sensitivity to pictorial cues. Wariness of heights

30. Differentiation Theory of Infant Perception  Infants actively search for invariant, unchanging features of the environment. Borders of stimuli, faces  They note stable relationships between features Complex visual patterns, intermodal relationships  Perception gets more and more sensitive— differentiation  Acting on the environment helps this process.

31. Visual Cliff  http://youtu.be/p6cqNhHrMJA http://youtu.be/p6cqNhHrMJA