1. 5-5. GLOBAL WARMING 5-5-1. Introduction  Definition:  Rise in the average temperature of the Earth’s surface (mainly air T).  From the Environmental Science point of view, the continuous increase in the air temperature due to the air pollutants, mostly so-called greenhouse gases  Greenhouse effect & gases:  Absorb and reemit infrared in the atmosphere and warm the lower atmosphere and surface  Cycling effect  Abundance (& contribution): H 2 O (36-72%) > CO 2 (9- 26%) > CH 4 (4-9%) > N 2 O > O 3 (3-7%) (Kiehl and Trenberth, 1997).

2. http://www.azimuthproject.org/azimuth/show/Blog+-+a+quantum+of+warmth

4. Greenhouse effect schematic showing energy flows between space, the atmosphere, and Earth's surface. Energy exchanges are expressed in watts per square meter (W/m 2 ). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming

5. 5-5-2. Dimming Effect  Cooling effect against greenhouse effect, due to the reflection and/or dimming of the sunlight to the surface because of the presence of cloud, snow & ice on the surface, dust, or smog in the air  also a cycling effect  May be called ‘albedo effect’, or collectively ‘anti-greenhouse effect’  The balance between the greenhouse and dimming effect determine the temperature of the Earth’s surface  Reason for “not boiling”

6. http://www.azimuthproject.org/azimuth/show/Blog+-+a+quantum+of+warmth

7. http://www.the-m-factory.com/portfolio/illustrated/illustrated_08.html

8. 5-5-3. Greenhouse Gases

9. http://www.orbeo.com/-Market-overview-.html http://www.fern.org/pt-br/node/5188

10. http://www.ei.lehigh.edu/learners/cc/greenhouse/Diagram3.png

11. 5-5-4. Global Temperature Change: Is it real? http://solar-center.stanford.edu/sun-on-earth/glob-warm.html

13. 5-5-5. Global Warming Impacts http://solar-center.stanford.edu/sun-on-earth/glob-warm.html

14. 5-5-6. Measures  Use alternative energies (new, renewable energies)  Reducing fossil fuel use  Increasing fossil fuel efficiency  Carbon capture & storage (CCS)  International collaboration (Kyoto protocol, CER-certified emission reduction, carbon emission trade)