1. Population Dynamics (4.1)
State Standard
SB4C. Relate environmental conditions to successional changes in ecosystems.

2. ____________ ____________ The number of organisms per unit area
Chapter 4
Population Ecology
4.1 Population Dynamics
Population Characteristics (AKA ______________)
____________ ____________
The number of organisms per unit area
____________ ____________
____________ is the pattern of spacing of a population.
Uniform – equally dispersed – territorial animals
Clumped – groups – herding animals
Random – no pattern – usually based on resources

3. ____________ ___________
Chapter 4
Population Ecology
4.1 Population Dynamics
Population Characteristics Cont’d
____________ ___________
A species might not be able to expand its population range because it cannot survive the abiotic conditions found in the expanded region.
Common dolphin
Pupfish

4. Chapter 4
Population Ecology
4.1 Population Dynamics
Population-Limiting Factors
There are two categories of limiting factors—density-____________ factors and density- ____________ factors.

5. Density-Independent Factors (generally abiotic)
Chapter 4
Population Ecology
4.1 Population Dynamics
Population Limiting Factors Cont’d
Density-Independent Factors (generally abiotic)
Any factor in the environment that does ____________ depend on the ____________ of members in a population per unit area is a density-independent factor.
____________ events
Fire
Human alterations of the landscape
Air, land, and water ____________

6. Density-Dependent Factors
Chapter 4
Population Ecology
4.1 Population Dynamics
Population Limiting Factors Cont’d
Density-Dependent Factors
Any factor in the environment that _________ on the number of members in a population per unit area is a density-dependent factor.
_____________ factors
Disease
Competition
Parasites

7. Growth Rate is affected by… ____________ Factors
Chapter 4
Population Ecology
Population Growth Rate
The ________________________ (PGR) explains how fast a given population grows.
Growth Rate is affected by…
____________ Factors
____________ (# of births)
____________ (# of deaths)
____________ (# of individuals entering)
____________ (# of individuals exiting)

8. ___________ Growth Model
Chapter 4
Population Ecology
4.1 Population Dynamics
Population Growth Rate Cont’d
Graph shows a
J-shaped Curve!
___________ Growth Model
Exponential growth occurs when the growth rate is proportional to the size of the population.
All populations grow ______________ until
some limiting factor ______________ the population’s growth.

9. ____________ Growth Model
Chapter 4
Population Ecology
4.1 Population Dynamics
Population Growth Rate Cont’d
____________ Growth Model
The population’s growth slows or stops following exponential growth, at the population’s _________ _______.
Carrying capacity is the ____________ # of individuals an environment can ____________.
Graph shows an
S-shaped Curve!

10. Chapter 4
Population Ecology
4.1 Population Dynamics
Population Growth Rate Cont’d
A population stops increasing when ____________ is less than ____________ or when ____________ exceeds ____________.
Carrying capacity is ____________ by the energy, water, oxygen, nutrients, & space, as well as other limiting factors.

11. Chapter 4
Population Ecology
4.1 Population Dynamics
Reproductive Patterns
Species of organisms vary in the number of ______________ per reproduction cycle, in the ________ that reproduction begins, and in the ______ ________ of the organism.

12. An r-strategist is generally a _________ organism.
Chapter 4
Population Ecology
4.1 Population Dynamics
Reproductive Patterns Cont’d
The rate strategy, or __-strategy, is an adaptation for living in an environment where ____________ in biotic or abiotic factors occur.
An r-strategist is generally a _________ organism.
__________ life span.
Produces _____________ offspring.

13. A k-strategist is generally a ______________ organism.
Chapter 4
Population Ecology
4.1 Population Dynamics
Reproductive Patterns Cont’d
The carrying-capacity strategy, or __-strategy, is an adaptation for living in ______________ environments.
A k-strategist is generally a ______________ organism.
_______________ life span.
Produces ________ offspring.