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389C.19/History HISTORY OF ARCHIVAL AND RECORDS ENTERPRISE
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389C.19/History Epochs in the Development of Archival and Records Enterprise Antiquity
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389C.19/History CHINA Dang An
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389C.19/History CHINA PracticeCompiled chronicles
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389C.19/History Epochs in the Development of Archival and Records Enterprise Antiquity Development of the Concept of Archives, c. 400 B.C. – c. 500 A.D.
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389C.19/History GREECE Αρχείο“Archeion” That which belongs to an office.
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389C.19/History GREECE PracticesDeposit gives private documents a public authority Authoritative record was the most public record The Notary
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389C.19/History ROME Adopted concepts of the Greeks and added concepts of their own.
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389C.19/History ROME Terms Filium Tabula Regesta File Tablet Register
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389C.19/History ROME PracticesRegistration conveys official status Keeping minutes Emperor destroyed records of predecessor Residencia Regard for provenance
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389C.19/History MEDIA Papyrus Wood and wax tablet
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389C.19/History Epochs in the Development of Archival and Records Enterprise Antiquity Development of the Concept of Archives, c. 400 B.C. – c. 500 A.D. Dormancy, c. 500-1500
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389C.19/History Dormancy PracticesMemory and objects replaced written record as authority Authenticated with wax seal
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389C.19/History Dormancy Term“Clerk” derived from clerics who staff chanceries
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389C.19/History Dormancy Practices and ConceptsRecords schedule, 800s Case file, c. 1200 Records as property of the office, 1331 Distinguish current from records of long- term value
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389C.19/History Epochs in the Development of Archival and Records Enterprise Antiquity Development of the Concept of Archives, c. 400 B.C. – c. 500 A.D. Dormancy, c. 500-1500 Re-emergence of Archives, 1500-1789
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389C.19/History RE-EMERGENCE Establishment of well-defined archives Archivo General de Simancas
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389C.19/History RE-EMERGENCE Establishment of well-defined archives Archivo General de Simancas Diplomatics, De Re Diplomatica, 1681
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389C.19/History Epochs in the Development of Archival and Records Enterprise Establishment of Modern Archival Practice, 1789-1898
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389C.19/History ESTABLISHMENT OF MODERN ARCHIVAL PRACTICE Archives Nationales (France), 1794 Concept of “current” and “historical” Archives as expression of nationalism
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389C.19/History ESTABLISHMENT OF MODERN ARCHIVAL PRACTICE Basic principles Respect des fonds Provenance—original order Ecole des Chartes, 1832 Dutch manual of practice, 1898
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389C.19/History ESTABLISHMENT OF MODERN ARCHIVAL PRACTICE American contribution Collecting documents Printing documents to facilitate use and preservation
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389C.19/History Epochs in the Development of Archival and Records Enterprise Establishment of Modern Archival Practice, 1789-1898 Redefining Archives and Managing Bulk: Archival Administration and Records Management, c. 1900-continuing
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389C.19/History REDEFINING ARCHIVES AND MANAGING BULK Factors New Media Growth of business and government Spread of literacy
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389C.19/History REDEFINING ARCHIVES AND MANAGING BULK Growth in Quantity of Records 1789-1861 = 100,000 cubic feet 1865-1914 = 500,000 cubic feet 1930s decade = 3.5 million cubic feet 1940s per year = 2 million cubic feet 1960s per year = 4 million cubic feet
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389C.19/History REDEFINING ARCHIVES AND MANAGING BULK New kinds of records Memorandum Chart and Graph Directive
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389C.19/History REDEFINING ARCHIVES AND MANAGING BULK New practices and concepts Defining archives as historical documents Archival appraisal Records management
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389C.19/History REDEFINING ARCHIVES AND MANAGING BULK Records Management Records Disposal Act, 1943 General schedule, 1945 Records Center, 1950 Developed concepts to promote office efficiency, protection
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389C.19/History REDEFINING ARCHIVES AND MANAGING BULK Professionalization of records work Royal Dutch Society of Archivists, 1891 Society of American Archivists, 1936 International Council on Archives, 1950 Association of Records Managers and Administrators, 1955
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389C.19/History Epochs in the Development of Archival and Records Enterprise Establishment of Modern Archival Practice, 1789-1898 Redefining Archives and Managing Bulk: Archival Administration and Records Management, c. 1900-continuing Age of the Electronic Record, 1980s- continuing
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389C.19/History ELECTRONIC RECORDS AGE Machine-readable records Radically new form/media of record
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389C.19/History CONCLUSIONS DEPTH AND EXTENT OF CHANGE First: Writing as basis of authentic information, c. 1000-c. 1300 Second: Modern concepts of managing records, 1789-1898 Third: Electronic record, 1990s-
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389C.19/History CONCLUSIONS FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES Defining and establishing ownership of “the record” Authenticity, security, and preservation Adopting, adapting to, and controlling records in new media
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389C.19/History CONCLUSIONS FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES Role of archives in society Uses of the term “archives” Managing yet increasing volume of records Role of the archivist/records administrator
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