1. Chapter 12 THE PROTOZOA UNICELLULAR - EUCARYOTIC MICROORGANISMS
FOUND IN THE KINGDOM PROTISTA
NO COMMON BASIC STRUCTURE, SIZE OR SHAPE
SIZE VARIES GREATLY - 2 TO 5,000 m

2. Distribution FREE LIVING FORMS
PARASITIC FORMS (MANY ANIMALS CARRY PROTOZOANS AS NORMAL FLORA)
FACTORS AFFECTING DISTRIBUTION OF FREE LIVING FORMS
NaCl CONCENTRATION pH
TEMPERATURE
OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS

3. Nutrition
FREE LIVING FORMS - PHAGOCYTOSIS OF PARTICULATE MATTER COMPLEX NUTRITIONAL NEEDS
ALL ARE CHEMOHETEROTROPHS
STORAGE PRODUCTS - GLYCOGEN, STARCH AND LIPIDS
ASEXUAL – BINARY FISSION, MULTIPLE FISSION OR BUDDING

4. Reproduction ASEXUAL – BINARY FISSION, MULTIPLE FISSION OR BUDDING
SEXUAL - SYNGAMY OR CONJUGATION
CLASSIFICATION (ORGANELLES OF MOTOLITY)
KINGDOM: PROTISTA
PHYLUM: PROTOZOA
GROUPINGS: AMOEBA, FLAGELLATES, CILIATES, SPOROZOA
AMOEBA - PSEUDOPODIA - NO CELL WALL
AMOEBA PROTEUS - FREE LIVING AMOEBA

5. Classification KINGDOM: PROTISTA PHYLUM: PROTOZOA
GROUPINGS: AMOEBA, FLAGELLATES, CILIATES, SPOROZOA
AMOEBA - PSEUDOPODIA - NO CELL WALL
AMOEBA PROTEUS - FREE LIVING AMOEBA

9. Classification (continue)
ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
Causes: Amoebic Dysentery
ACANTHAMOEBA Sp.
Causes: 1. Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis
2. Keratitis

10. Classification (continue)
FLAGELLATES - FLAGELLA (MOST HUMAN PATHOGENS IN THIS GROUP)
MOST PRIMITIVE OF THE PROTOZOANS
CHARACTERISTICS OF FLAGELLA

11. EUGLENA Sp.

13. PATHOGENIC FLAGELLATES
GIARDIA LAMBLIA
TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS
TRYPANOSOMA SP.

15. CILIATES

17. REPRODUCTION MOST ADVANCED PORTOZOA ORAL GROOVE CONTRACTILE VACUOLE
NUCLEAR DIMORPHISM
REPRODUCTION
ASEXUALLY BY BINARY FISSION
SEXUALLY BY CONJUGATION
PATHOGENIC CILIATE - BALANTIDIUM COLI

20. Treatment for protozoan infections is usually an antibiotic called metranidazole also called flagyl.

21. SPOROZOA ALL OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR PARASITES
ALL HAVE COMPLEX LIFE CYCLES
PATHOGENIC SPOROZOAN-PLASMODIUM Sp.
CAUSATIVE AGENT OF MALARIA
FOUR SPECIES CAUSE MALARIA

23. 1. P. MALARIAE
2. P. OVALE
3. P. VIVAX
4. P. FALCIPARUM
LIFE CYCLE OCCURS IN TWO ORGANISMS
MOSQUITO (ANOPHELES Sp.) AND ANIMAL BODY
SEXUAL CYCLE IN MOSQUITO
ASEXUAL CYCLE IN HUMAN BODY

24. 3 IMPORTANT STAGES IN LIFE CYCLE
SPOROZOITE
MEROZOITE
GAMETOCYTE
LIFE CYCLE OF PLASMODIUM

27. SYMPTOMS OF MALARIA
MOST DEADLY FORM IS P.FALCIPARUM
HOW MALARIA KILLS

28. TREATMENT FOR MALARIA - QUININE AND ITS DERIVATIVES
CHLOROQUINE
PRIMAQUINE
MEFLOQUINE - LARIUM
SIDE EFFECTS OF LONG TERM USE OF QUININE
HALLUCINATIONS
CONVULSIONS
EMOTIONAL CHANGES

29. VACCINE????