1. National e-Science Core Programme & Grid Highlights BiGUM1 Meeting @ eSI 30 th October 2001

2. Contents Welcome NeSC and e-Science Support Grid Definitions Grid Examples Grid Architectures

3. £80m Collaborative projects E-Science Steering Committee DG Research Councils Director Director’s Management Role Director’s Awareness and Co-ordination Role Generic Challenges EPSRC (£15m), DTI (£15m) Industrial Collaboration (£40m) Academic Application Support Programme Research Councils (£74m), DTI (£5m) PPARC (£26m) BBSRC (£8m) MRC (£8m) NERC (£7m) ESRC (£3m) EPSRC (£17m) CLRC (£5m) Grid TAG e-Science Programme From Tony Hey 27 July 01

4. Cambridge Newcastle Edinburgh Oxford Glasgow Manchester Cardiff Soton London Belfast DL RAL Hinxton UK Grid Network From Tony Hey 27 July 01

5. Key Elements of UK Grid Development Plan 1. Network of Grid Core Programme e- Science Centres 2. Development of Generic Grid Middleware 3. Grid IRC Grand Challenge Project 4. Support for e-Science Testbeds 5. International Involvement via GGF 6. Grid Network Team From Tony Hey 27 July 01

6. NeSC’s context NeSC eSI GSC Application PilotsIRCs …e-Science Centres e-Scientists, Grid users, Grid services & Grid Developers UK Core Programme TeamGlobal Grid Forum … CS Research TAG DBTF ATF GNT Coordination

7. NeSC — The Team Director Malcolm Atkinson (Universities of Glasgow & Edinburgh) Deputy Director Arthur Trew (Director EPCC) Commercial Director Mark Parsons (EPCC) Regional Director Stuart Anderson (Edinburgh Informatics) Chairman Richard Kenway (Edinburgh Physics & Astronomy) Initial Board Members Muffy Calder (Glasgow Computing Science) Tony Doyle (Glasgow Physics & Astronomy) Centre Manager Anna Kenway

8. NeSC’s Roles Stimulation of Grid & e-Science Activity Users, developers, researchers Education, Training, Support Think Tank & Research Coordination of Grid & e-Science Activity Regional Centres, Task Forces, Pilots & IRCs Technical and Managerial Fora Support for training, travel, participation Developing a High-Profile Institute Meetings Visiting Researchers Regional Support Portfolio of Industrial Research Projects

9. eSI Highlights Report given yesterday History  3 workshops week 1: DF1, GUM1 & DBAG1  HEC  preGGF3 & DF2 October  Steve Tuecke Globus tutorial (oversubscribed)  4-day workshop Getting Going with Globus (G3) –Reports on DataGrid & GridPP experience  Biologist Grid Users’ Meeting 1 (BiGUM1) November  GridPP  Configuration management December  AstroGrid

10. eSI Highlights cont. 2002 & 2003 January  Steve Tuecke 4 day Globus Developers’ Workshop February  UKOLN March  Protein folding Workshop 14 th to 17 th IBM sponsor May  Mind and Brain Workshop 22 nd to 26 th July GGF5 & HPDC 11 EICC August Research Festival 4 juxtaposed 1-week in-depth workshops Topics under consideration  Dependability and Security for the Grid  Metadata and the Grid  Provenance, Annotation and Archiving  The Knowledge Grid  Programming Models for the Grid 14 th to 16 th April 2003 Dependability

11.  Motivation for IPG Large-scale science and engineering are done through the interaction of people, heterogeneous computing resources, information systems, and instruments, all of which are geographically and organizationally dispersed. The overall motivation for “Grids” is to facilitate the routine interactions of these resources in order to support large-scale science and engineering. From Bill Johnston 27 July 01

12. Why Grids? A biochemist exploits 10,000 computers to screen 100,000 compounds in an hour 1,000 physicists worldwide pool resources for petaop analyses of petabytes of data Civil engineers collaborate to design, execute, & analyze shake table experiments Climate scientists visualize, annotate, & analyze terabyte simulation datasets An emergency response team couples real time data, weather model, population data From Steve Tuecke 12 Oct. 01

13. Why Grids? (contd.) A multidisciplinary analysis in aerospace couples code and data in four companies A home user invokes architectural design functions at an application service provider An application service provider purchases cycles from compute cycle providers Scientists working for a multinational soap company design a new product A community group pools members’ PCs to analyze alternative designs for a local road From Steve Tuecke 12 Oct. 01

14. The Grid Problem Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and resource From “The Anatomy of the Grid: Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations” Enable communities (“virtual organizations”) to share geographically distributed resources as they pursue common goals -- assuming the absence of… central location, central control, omniscience, existing trust relationships. From Steve Tuecke 12 Oct. 01

15. Elements of the Problem Resource sharing Computers, storage, sensors, networks, … Sharing always conditional: issues of trust, policy, negotiation, payment, … Coordinated problem solving Beyond client-server: distributed data analysis, computation, collaboration, … Dynamic, multi-institutional virtual organisations Community overlays on classic org structures Large or small, static or dynamic From Steve Tuecke 12 Oct. 01

16. Why Now? Moore’s law improvements in computing produce highly functional endsystems The Internet and burgeoning wired and wireless provide universal connectivity Changing modes of working and problem solving emphasize teamwork, computation Network exponentials produce dramatic changes in geometry and geography From Steve Tuecke 12 Oct. 01

17. Network Exponentials Network vs. computer performance Computer speed doubles every 18 months Network speed doubles every 9 months Difference = order of magnitude per 5 years 1986 to 2000 Computers: x 500 Networks: x 340,000 2001 to 2010 Computers: x 60 Networks: x 4000 Moore’s Law vs. storage improvements vs. optical improvements. Graph from Scientific American (Jan- 2001) by Cleo Vilett, source Vined Khoslan, Kleiner, Caufield and Perkins. From Steve Tuecke 12 Oct. 01

18. Broader Context “Grid Computing” has much in common with major industrial thrusts Business-to-business, Peer-to-peer, Application Service Providers, Storage Service Providers, Distributed Computing, Internet Computing… Sharing issues not adequately addressed by existing technologies Complicated requirements: “run program X at site Y subject to community policy P, providing access to data at Z according to policy Q” High performance: unique demands of advanced & high-performance systems From Steve Tuecke 12 Oct. 01

19. The Globus Project™ Making Grid computing a reality Close collaboration with real Grid projects in science and industry Development and promotion of standard Grid protocols to enable interoperability and shared infrastructure Development and promotion of standard Grid software APIs and SDKs to enable portability and code sharing The Globus Toolkit™: Open source, reference software base for building grid infrastructure and applications Global Grid Forum: Development of standard protocols and APIs for Grid computing From Steve Tuecke 12 Oct. 01

20. DOE X-ray grand challenge: ANL, USC/ISI, NIST, U.Chicago tomographic reconstruction real-time collection wide-area dissemination desktop & VR clients with shared controls Advanced Photon Source Online Access to Scientific Instruments archival storage From Steve Tuecke 12 Oct. 01

21. Supernova Cosmology Requires Complex, Widely Distributed Workflow Management

22. Mathematicians Solve NUG30 Looking for the solution to the NUG30 quadratic assignment problem An informal collaboration of mathematicians and computer scientists Condor-G delivered 3.46E8 CPU seconds in 7 days (peak 1009 processors) in U.S. and Italy (8 sites) 14,5,28,24,1,3,16,15, 10,9,21,2,4,29,25,22, 13,26,17,30,6,20,19, 8,18,7,27,12,11,23 MetaNEOS: Argonne, Iowa, Northwestern, Wisconsin From Miron Livny 7 Aug. 01

23. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation NEESgrid: national infrastructure to couple earthquake engineers with experimental facilities, databases, computers, & each other On-demand access to experiments, data streams, computing, archives, collaboration NEESgrid: Argonne, Michigan, NCSA, UIUC, USC From Steve Tuecke 12 Oct. 01

24. Community = 1000s of home computer users Philanthropic computing vendor (Entropia) Research group (Scripps) Common goal= advance AIDS research Home Computers Evaluate AIDS Drugs From Steve Tuecke 12 Oct. 01

25. Layered Grid Architecture (By Analogy to Internet Architecture) Application Fabric “Controlling things locally”: Access to, & control of, resources Connectivity “Talking to things”: communication (Internet protocols) & security Resource “Sharing single resources”: negotiating access, controlling use Collective “Coordinating multiple resources”: ubiquitous infrastructure services, app-specific distributed services Internet Transport Application Link Internet Protocol Architecture From Steve Tuecke 12 Oct. 01

26. Grid Information Service Uniform Resource Access BrokeringGlobal Queuing Global Event Services Co- Scheduling Data Cataloguing Uniform Data Access Collaboration and Remote Instrument Services Network Cache Communication Services Authentication Authorization Security Services AuditingFault Management Monitoring Grid Common Services: Standardized Services and Resources Interfaces Applications: Simulations, Data Analysis, etc. Toolkits: Visualization, Data Publication/Subscription, etc. Distributed Resources Discipline Specific Portals and Scientific Workflow Management Systems Condor pools network caches tertiary storage national user facilities clusters national supercomputer facilities High-speed Networks and Communications Services = Globus services Architecture of a Grid

27. Architecture of a Grid – upper layers Problem Solving Environments Knowledge based query Tools to implement the human interfaces, e.g. SciRun, ECCE, WebFlow,..... Mechanisms to express, organize, and manage the workflow of problem  solutions (“frameworks”) Access control application codes visualization toolkits collaboration toolkits instrument management toolkits data publish and subscribe toolkits Applications and Supporting Tools Grid enabled libraries (security, communication services, data access, global event management, etc.) Globus MPI CORBACondor- G Java/ Jini DCOM Application Development and Execution Support Distributed Resources Grid Common Services From Steve Tuecke 12 Oct. 01

28. Three Layer GRID Abstraction Information Grid Knowledge Grid Computation/ Data Grid Computation/ Data Grid Data to Knowledge Data to Knowledge Control From Tony Hey 12 Sep. 01

29. Data, Information and Knowledge Data Uninterpreted bits and bytes Information Data equipped with meaning Knowledge Information applied to achieve a goal, solve a problem or enact a decision From Tony Hey 12 Sep. 01

30. Biological Grid Users Are they different? Do they have different collaborations? Do they have different data? Do they have different computations? Do they have the same shared “instruments”? Can they be supported using the same Infrastructure Architecture Policies?