1. Repetition of Synonyms in Arabic Where it is not normally used in English

3.  Use of closely related words/phrases with distinguishable meanings: e.g.  ( عمليات ) الاستقصاء والتحليل  Use of fully synonymous words/phrases, or in the context they are used, with no clear difference in meaning.  ) بصورة ) مستمرة متواصلة  ) كانت ) واجمة مكتئبة  ( منظر ) يدهشك ويذهلك

4.  Semantic repetition may use a connective, hence called syndetic, in the case of adjectives, but in the case of nouns and verbs it may be asyndetic, without the use of a connective:  ( سلوك ) همجي وبربري  ( نساء ) رفيقات حليمات

5.  The two Arabic words are merged in an English word. This strategy applies where there is no clear difference meaning between the two Arabic words:  تدابير صارمة وقاسية  تحديث المجتمع وعصرنته  بصورة مستمرة متواصلة  على نحو دقيق ومضبوط

6.  Severe measures  To modernize society  Continually  In an accurate manner  تدابير صارمة وقاسية  تحديث المجتمع وعصرنته  بصورة مستمرة متواصلة  على نحو دقيق ومضبوط

7.  Employ a partial grammatical transposition where the two Arabic words have clearly different meanings:  تحلل القيم والاخلاقيات  شعر بالضيق والحرج  تناول بالاستقصاء والتحليل  The decline of moral values  He began to feel uncomfortable  To carefully analyze

8.  Semantic repetition provides a sense of emphasis, two words give two sets of meaning and they are longer and, thus, heavier, than a single word in the sentence.  Semantic distancing may compensate emphatic aspect of semantic repetition by relaying both elements of Arabic doublet by different words in English. Semantic distancing prevents TT stylistic oddity due to ST conjoining two words with virtually the same meaning.

9.  Remain committed  Firmly committed  Very depressed  Extremely happy  Utterly destitute  Blatantly daring  highly joyful  Deeply in love  مستمر ومتمسك  مصر ومصمم  حزين ومكتئب  فرح ومبتهج  فقير ومتعسر  جريء وقح  ظريف ومرح  صب وامق

10.  The adjectival (active participle) doublets are grammatically transposed to a verb-adjective (past participle) doublet in 1 st instance above, and to adverb-adjective (past participle), in 2 nd and 3 rd, adverb-adjective, in 4 th through 7 th, and adverb-prepositional phrase doublet in the 8 th.

11.  This technique overrides the English convention that words of the same meaning are not conjoined. The TT carries similar emphatic and emotive force as it is in ST.  السلوك الهمجي والبربري  The savage and barbaric behaviour  السمع والطاعة، الولاء والطاعة  Submission and obedience  الثقة والطمأنينة  Trust and confidence  بايع وعاهد  Take the oath and make the pledge