1. The Phenomenon of Memory Chapter 8, Lecture 1 “In large part, you are what you remember.” - David Myers

2. Memory Memory is the basis for knowing your friends, your neighbors, the English language, the national anthem, and yourself. If memory was nonexistent, everyone would be a stranger to you; every language foreign; every task new; and even you yourself would be a stranger.

3. The Definition of Memory Memory is any indication that learning has persisted over time. It is our ability to store and retrieve information.

4. Studying Memory: Information Processing Models Keyboard (Encoding) Disk (Storage) Monitor (Retrieval) Sequential Process

5. Information Processing The Atkinson-Schiffrin (1968) three-stage model of memory includes a) sensory memory, b) short-term memory, and c) long-term memory. Bob Daemmrich/ The Image Works Frank Wartenberg/ Picture Press/ Corbis

6. Modifications to the Three-Stage Model 1.Some information skips the first two stages and enters long-term memory automatically. 2.Since we cannot focus on all the sensory information received, we select information that is important to us and actively process it into our working memory.

7. Working Memory A newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual- spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory

8. A Demonstration of Memory In your notes, write the names of the seven dwarfs. Some things to consider: Difficulty of the task – how does this task relate to encoding, storage, and retrieval? Tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon – would additional retrieval cues be of assistance? Organization of memory by sound, letter, and meaning – which of these did you use?

9. In your notes, write the names of the seven dwarfs. Some things to consider: Recall versus Recognition – circle the correct dwarf names from the following list: Grouchy, Gabby, Fearful, Sleepy, Smiley, Jumpy, Hopeful, Shy, Droopy, Dopey, Sniffy, Wishful, Puffy, Dumpy, Sneezy, Lazy, Pop, Grumpy, Bashful, Cheerful, Teach, Shorty, Nifty, Happy, Doc, Wheezy, and Stubby.

10. A Demonstration of Memory In your notes, write the names of the seven dwarfs. Some things to consider: Research suggests that the order, from most likely to least likely recalled, is as follows: Sleepy, Dopey, Grumpy, Sneezy, Happy, Doc, and Bashful.

11. Homework Read p.330-337