1. The 1960’s Computer Programming Presentation Steven Orciuoli, Max Ramer, Aaron Samuel | Computer Programming | Period 3 | 9/8/2015

2. Minuteman Missile Guidance Computer (1962) During the cold war the us military invested large amount of money to make long range precision missiles that could be used against The Soviet Union. Used inspiration from the computers that the Nazis used in their V2 rockets The Minuteman Missile guidance computer was used to constantly calculate the missiles exact location during flight. This allowed them to be able to hit targets with more precision. Durable to withstand the flights After the missile was decommissioned its computer was taken by universities to study general purpose computing. Without this computers would not be where they are today.

3. Virtual memory (1962) Virtual memory permitted a computer to use its storage capacity to switch rapidly among multiple programs To allow for multiprogramming and multitasking, many early systems divided memory between multiple programs without virtual memory In 1961, the Burroughs Corporation independently released the first commercial computer with virtual memory. Because of the problem with splitting memory between programs, paging was introduced so that a computer can use primary memory on one program while the secondary program runs on a second memory.

4. Naval Tactical Data System (1966) During the cold war the U.S. Navy used computers to integrate and display sonar, radar, and communications data. In the past each ship had its own view of the battlefield independent from the rest of the ships in the task force. This created problems such as ships hitting the same target, or the ship with the right weapon might not see the target on its sensors. This computer became a very successful real time information system and was used by the us military for decades. Led the way for better systems.

5. Floppy Disk (1967) First ever floppy disk created by IBM Created to find a reliable, inexpensive way to install software updates on mainframe computers Instead of using paper punched cards for data entry and software programming, the floppy disk was a much less complicated alternative inserted through a slot and spun on a spindle Composed of flexible magnetic storage medium (place, keep and retrieve data), sealed in a rectangular plastic carrier

6. Apollo Guidance Computer (1968) Debut orbit on Apollo 7 mission A digital computed produced for Apollo missions Astronauts were able to communicate with the computer by putting in two digit codes onto the keypad and display One of the first integrated circuit-based computers (integrated circuit- set of electrical circuits on one small plate, known as a chip) Two ACG’s on every flight, the Command Module AGC- used for navigation and control. The Lunar Module AGC- used for primary guidance, navigation, and control system.

7. The robotic arm (1961-1969) The robotic arm was first used in a factory in 1961 UNIMATE, the first industrial robot, began work at General Motors. Obeying step-by-step commands stored on a magnetic drum, arm sequenced and stacked hot pieces of die-cast metal. Stanford Arm made a breakthrough as the first successful electrically powered, computer-controlled robot arm. Stanford Arm could assemble a Ford Model T water pump, guiding itself with optical and contact sensors.

8. Evans & Sutherland (1968) Develop a special graphics computer known as a frame buffer. This device was a special high-speed memory used for capturing video. Helped create many brilliant minds that furthered technology, this included Jim Clark, who started Silicon Graphics, Ed Catmull, co-founder of Pixar, and John Warnock of Adobe.

9. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) NASA recruited Navy, Air Force, and Marine corps pilots to become America's first astronauts. Some notable manned missions include the Friendship 7 mission where John Glenn became the first American to orbit the earth and Apollo 11 which was the fist mission to successfully put humans on the surface of the moon. NASA structural analysis (NASTRAN) - In the 1960s, NASA partnered with industry to develop a common generic software program that engineers could use to model and analyze different aerospace structures, including any kind of spacecraft or aircraft.