1. Successes and failures

2. Who is this? Laika-The first animal to orbit the Earth

3. The Space Race

4. Learning Objectives

5. The Space Race Alongside the Cold War tensions of the post-WWII world, in the late 1950s, space would become another dramatic arena for competition Each side sought to prove the superiority of its technology, its military firepower and–by extension– its political-economic system But how did it start?

6. Sputnik In October 1957, Russia took the lead in the space race as it launched the Sputnik satellite (Traveller) This was the first man- made object and the first satellite sent into space

7. But why was the US worried about this? In the United States, space was seen as the next frontier, a logical extension of the grand American tradition of exploration, and it was crucial not to lose too much ground to the Soviets. There was a fear that if they could launch a missile into space then they were seemingly capable of delivering a nuclear warhead into the USA Satellites could also be used to spy on the USA In the United States, space was seen as the next frontier, a logical extension of the grand American tradition of exploration, and it was crucial not to lose too much ground to the Soviets. There was a fear that if they could launch a missile into space then they were seemingly capable of delivering a nuclear warhead into the USA Satellites could also be used to spy on the USA

9. How did America respond? In 1958, the U.S. launched its own satellite, Explorer I, designed by the U.S. Army under the direction of German (and former Nazi) rocket scientist Wernher von Braun

10. How did America respond? The National Aeronautics and Space Administration President Dwight Eisenhower signed a public order creating NASA, a federal agency dedicated to space exploration. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration President Dwight Eisenhower signed a public order creating NASA, a federal agency dedicated to space exploration.

11. Yet Russia was still a step ahead  Luna 2 (1959) was the first space probe to hit the moon

13. And… Yuri Gagarin becomes the first man in space in April 1961, orbiting the earth in a spacecraft called Vostok 1

14. How significant was this event to the USSR at the time? Discuss and analyse its significance (alongside other events) and consider what it might have done to the USA?

15. How did America compete? May 1961 - Alan Shepard was the first American in space

16. On February 20 1962 the first American, John Glenn, orbited the Earth on the Friendship 7 spacecraft.

17. 1962:“We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard.“- John F Kennedy In 1961 President Kennedy went to congress and announced that he wanted to be the first to put a man on the Moon

18. How did America take the lead? Dec. 1968 saw the launch of Apollo 8  This was the first manned space mission to orbit the moon

19. It was followed up in July 1969 with Apollo 11 successfully landing on the Moon The spaceship was manned by Neil Armstrong, Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin and Michael Collins

20. The Result The moon landing effectively won the space race for America Russia had made four attempts to launch a rocket to the moon with the purpose of making a landing but all four exploded The moon landing effectively won the space race for America Russia had made four attempts to launch a rocket to the moon with the purpose of making a landing but all four exploded

21. Activity You are going to put the story of the Space Race into either: A timeline A storyboard Use the factsheet and information from the slides to help you You must include both text and small pictures You are going to put the story of the Space Race into either: A timeline A storyboard Use the factsheet and information from the slides to help you You must include both text and small pictures

23. Extension Task: Evaluation Questions 1. How were the arms race and the space race linked? 2. Why were both the arms race and the space race so important for the USA and the USSR? 3. Why do you think the USSR never tried to land a man on the moon after that? 1. How were the arms race and the space race linked? 2. Why were both the arms race and the space race so important for the USA and the USSR? 3. Why do you think the USSR never tried to land a man on the moon after that?

24. Final Task: Construct a balanced argument around either of these two issues How far can it be said that Cold War leaders acted irrationally through fear and distrust?  Themes:  Leadership  Time frames  Context  Détente  Mini-wars How far was there a degree of rationality and reason behind the colossal arms build up?  Themes:  Leadership  Time frame  Context  Technological responses  Mini-wars How far was there a degree of rationality and reason behind the colossal arms build up?  Themes:  Leadership  Time frame  Context  Technological responses  Mini-wars