1. Research Biology Mr. Luis A. Velazquez Ions

2. I ons are form when an atom lose or gain electrons I ons are classify in two categories. Positive and Negative + - Positive ions are known as cations. Negative ions are known as anions. If you know the valence number you know how big is the charge Example: Valence 1= +1 2= +2

3. Positive ions loose electrons The amount of electrons they loose becomes the positive charge of the ion. Negative ions gain electrons The amount of electrons they gain becomes the Negative charge of the ion.

4. Positive ions are columns 1A, 2A, and 3A Negative ions are column 5A, 6A, 7A Transitional metals may have more than one positive ions. Example: Iron (Fe) + 2 or + 3 Copper (Cu) + 1 or + 2

5. No Reaction Transitional Metals Negative Positive They may have more than one charge PositiveNegative

6. Understanding the ions Na 11 23 P= N= E= 11 12 Element Na 11 23 P= N= E= 10 11 12 Positive ion (cation) Na +1 ion

7. Understanding the ions F 9 19 P= N= E= 9 9 10 Element F 9 19 P= N= E= 10 9 Negative ion (anion) F ion

8. Understanding the ions Na 11 23 P= N= E= 11 12 Elements F 9 19 P= N= E= 9 9 10 Noble Gas Ne 10 20 P= N= E=10

9. Understanding the ions K 19 39 P= N= E= 19 20 Elements Cl 17 35 P= N= E= 17 18 Noble Gas Ar 18 40 P= N= E=18 22 18 + _

10. Lithium (Li) will try to be stable as______ noble gas. Helium Lithium (Li) will be positive or negative. Lithium (Li) will be called anion or cation. Bromine (Br) will be called anion or cation. Bromine (Br) will try to be stable as ______ noble gas. Krypton Bromine (Br) will positive or negative.

11. Lost or Gain of Electrons Cation or Anion Positive or negative Ion Stable noble gas compare to Correct ion symbol Mg N I Rb Ba S Al Ca B Cs Be O P Element LostCationpositiveNeMg +2

12. Research Biology Mr. Luis A. Velazquez Isotopes

13. Isotope have a different number of neutrons. Isotope is the lost or gain of neutrons. Isotopes differ in the atomic mass. Isotopes are radioactive. Many atoms have one or more isotopes.

14. Hydrogen H 1 1 Proton Electron Neutron 1 1 0 Protium + -

15. Hydrogen H 1 2 Proton Electron Neutron 1 1 1 Deuterium + -

16. Hydrogen H 1 3 Proton Electron Neutron 1 1 2 Tritium + -

17. Carbon C 6 11 Proton Electron Neutron 6 6 6 Carbon + - + + + + + - - - - - 12 5

18. Carbon C 6 13 Proton Electron Neutron 6 6 6 Carbon + - + + + + + - - - - - 12 7

19. Present three isotope for each atoms Li Rb Ag Br Be K S

20. Present three isotope for each atoms Ca 40 20 Ca 39 4145 Ca 20 P_______________________________ E_______________________________ N_______________________________ 20 19 2125 Atom Isotopes