1. Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose valence electrons to achieve a stable octet electron configuration. Section 1: Ion Formation K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned

2. 5(B) Use the Periodic Table to identify and explain the properties of chemical families, including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases, and transition metals. 6(E) Express the arrangement of electrons in atoms through electron configurations and Lewis valence electron dot structures. 7(C) Construct electron dot formulas to illustrate ionic and covalent bonds. Ion Formation Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

3. Essential Questions What holds atoms together in a chemical bond? How do positive and negative ions form? How does ion formation relate to electron configuration? Ion Formation Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

4. Review octet rule New chemical bond cation anion Ion Formation Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Vocabulary

5. Valence Electrons and Chemical Bonds A chemical bond is the force that holds two atoms together. Chemical bonds form by the attraction between the positive nucleus of one atom and the negative electrons of another atom. Atom’s try to form the octet—the stable arrangement of eight valence electrons in the outer energy level—by gaining or losing valence electrons. Ion Formation Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

6. Interactive Table – Electron-dot Structures Concepts in Motion FPO Add link to concepts in motion animation from page 207 here. Ion Formation Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

7. Positive Ion Formation A positively charged ion is called a cation. This figure illustrates how sodium loses one valence electron to become a sodium cation. Ion Formation Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

8. Metal Ions Metals are reactive because they lose valence electrons easily. This table summarizes the ions formed by metal ions in groups 1, 2, and 13. Ion Formation Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

9. Transition Metal Ions Transition metals commonly form 2+ or 3+ ions, but can form greater than 3+ ions. Other relatively stable electron arrangements are referred to as pseudo- noble gas configurations. Ion Formation Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

10. Negative Ion Formation An anion is a negatively charged ion. The figure shown here illustrates chlorine gaining an electron to become a chlorine ion. As shown in the table below, nonmetals gain the number of electrons that, when added to their valence electrons, equals 8. Some nonmetals can gain or lose other numbers of electrons to complete an octet. Ion Formation Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

11. Ion Formation Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Review Essential Questions What holds atoms together in a chemical bond? How do positive and negative ions form? How does ion formation relate to electron configuration? Vocabulary chemical bondcationanion