3. STATE GOAL 11: Understand the processes of scientific inquiry and technological design to investigate questions, conduct experiments, and solve problems. A. Know and apply the concepts, principles, and processes of scientific inquiry. 11.A.3c Collect data accurately using consistent measuring and recording techniques and media. 11.A.3e Use data manipulation tools and quantitative (e.g., mean, mode, simple equations) and representational methods (e.g., simulations, image processing) to analyze measurements. 11.A.3f Interpret and represent results of analysis to produce findings. 11.A.3g Report and display the process and results of a scientific investigation. B. Know and apply the concepts, principles and processes of technological design. 11.B.3c Select the most appropriate design and build a prototype or demonstration. 11.B.3d Test the prototype using available materials, instruments and technology and record the data. 11.B.3e Evaluate the test results based on established criteria, note sources of error and recommend improvements. 11.B.3f Using available technology, report the relative success of the design based on the test results and criteria. STATE GOAL 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. STATE GOAL13: Understand the relationships among science, technology and society in historical and contemporary contexts. B. Know and apply concepts that describe the interaction between science, technology and society. 13.B.3a Identify and explain ways that scientific knowledge and economics drive technological development. 13.B.3b Identify important contributions to science and technology that have been made by individuals and groups from various cultures. 13.B.3c Describe how occupations use scientific and technological knowledge and skills.

4. Climb aboard the Shuttle Atlantis for a virtual tour of the ocean!!!!

12. How did you like your quick tour of the ocean? I know, I know, space ships can’t go underwater. Let’s try your skills at ocean mapping. On the next page see how ocean mapping is done by NOAA.

13. Here is an example of a research vessel that is used by the NOAA (National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration) to map the ocean floor. The sounds you just heard were the pings of sonar (Sound and Navigation Ranging). Sonar is used to map the ocean floor. It works like this: A high frequency sound is sent from a ship towards the ocean floor. When it hits something it is reflected back up to the ship. Scientists use a formula using time and the speed of sound in water to measure the depth of the water. Here is the formula: D(depth) = V(speed of sound in water 1507 m/s) x 1/2 T(time) D= V x 1/2T

14. Formula for measuring ocean depth: D= V x 1/2 T Time (sec) Depth (m)Depth (km) 1. 0.13 2. 0.27 3. 0.53 4. 2.65 5. 2.65 6. 2.92 7. 4.25 8. 4.25 9. 2.65 10. 1.86 11. 1.33 12. 3.98 13. 4.51 14. 6.1 15. 6.9 16. 8.49 17. 14.6 18. 6.64 19. 7.96 20. 7.43 Find the depth in meters using the formula. Then, convert the measurements into kilometers. Yes, you may use calculators.

15. Distance from Shore (km) 1. 10 2. 20 3. 30 4. 40 5. 50 6. 60 7. 70 8. 80 9. 90 10. 100 11. 110 12. 120 13. 130 14. 140 15. 150 16. 160 17. 170 18. 180 19. 190 20. 200 Using your calculations from the previous page, create a graph showing the relationship between distance from shore and depth.

16. Unfortunately, seafarers in the day did not have the benefit of sonar. They had to use old school methods of depth finding. PART A Take a few moments and brainstorm a list of 4 or 5 underwater obstacles they may have encountered and 4 or 5 methods that could have been used to find the obstacles. Why did the sailors need to know what was beneath their ship? PART B Besides mapping, what are some uses of sonar today and name some modern-day uses of the old methods of depth finding?

17. RECAP Pretend the box is the ocean. The top of the box is the surface. Inside the box, on the bottom, is the ocean floor. On the ocean floor are rocks, debris, sand dunes, and other structures that would normally be found in the ocean. Your task is: A. develop a strategy for finding what is hidden beneath the surface B. implement the strategy and make depth measurements C. draw a map of the ocean floor using the measurements D. plot a course that would allow a ship to sail from point A to point B Note: the ship can only navigate in water >7m I will be here in 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 NOW!

18. http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-81/images/images.html http://www.pbs.org/oceanrealm/ http://www.scubaduba.com/schome.html http://www.STinsv.com/ http://themes.editthispage.com/