1. Understanding Life What’s all this got to do with it?

2. Atoms The basic building block of life. The Nucleus Protons Neutrons The movement of electrons provides all required energy Without electron movement, no life

3. Elements An atom that cannot be broken down any further Element is determined by the number of Protons The number of electrons How the element can bond Success of an organism

4. Compounds The combination of two or more different elements Table salt, NaCl Water, H2O Allows for greater complexity Increased biological function Compounds are chemically and physically different than the elements

5. Atoms want to to be stable They want full outer valence They will gain, lose, or share to become stable

6. Chemical Bonds Covalent Bonds Share Electrons to become stable Water Outer energy level for each element now full Compound now stable Takes chemical reaction to split Splitting releases energy Cell uses energy for function

7. Chemical Bonds Ionic Bonds Salt Atoms want full outer orbital Will give or take one to get full Creates positive or negative ion Can create electric differential Cells use for impulses Opposites will attract

8. Physical and Chemical Change Physical Change Chemical Change Can returnCannot return

9. Chemical Reaction + Heat Change from compound to another Can give off energy Can use created substances for other functions

10. Two types of Chemical Reaction Exothermic Exo = out Reaction gives off energy in form of heat Endothermic Endo = in Reaction takes in energy in form of heat

11. Activation Energy Need to use energy to create energy

12. Catalysts Lower Activation Energy Make reaction easier and more economical

13. Enzymes Nature’s catalysts Bring SPECIFIC substrates together Change shape Lowers activation energy Chemical reaction takes place