1. Four Stages 1.Sensorimotorbirth to 1 ½ yrs 2.Preoperational2-7 yrs 3.Concrete Operations 7-11 4.Formal Operations11 into adulthood

2. Ages 2 to 7 Basic Mental operations start replacing sensorimotor activities as the primary way to learn

3. I “eated” my apple No, it’s ate Then I “ated” my apple Children learn mostly by language and mental images

5. Make-believe play is used to create and express all kinds of mental images

6. Everyone views the world like I do

7. Egocentrism The sun follows them from place to place and goes to bed when they do Problems with reversibility—can’t see the world from other's perspectives

8. Children are prone to thinking errors Just as a walking toddler is prone to missteps

9. I don’t want to go to sleep! I’m not tired! He hurt my feelings so I hit him! use feeling to solve problems rather than logic

10. Begin learning multiple classification– the ability to understand that an object may fit into more than one category

11. Begin learning seriation—the ability top order groups of things by size, weight, or any common property For example arranging beads on a bracelet from smallest to largest However preschool age children cannot arrange themselves by height

12. They think the same amount of liquid is more when poured into a tall think glass. To them taller means more!

13. Another example of conservation

15. They have two kinds of reasoning 1. Syncretic– a break in logic, changing set of criteria Example: Mother usually makes dinner before dad comes home so making dinner causes dad to come home.

16. First, you put all of the white powder in a bowl. Then you pour milk into it. Stir and pour in metal cups that are hooked together. Now hurry and put in the oven because we are late for school.

17. 2. Intuitive reasoning—They guess!! Which line has more marbles?

18. My birthday is before Christmas and after Halloween

20. Children may not be aware of what is real and what is make-believe

21. Multiple Intelligences Many different ways of using the mind and body to experience the world

22. Verbal-linguistic Linked to language Strongest in this intelligence learns best through words

23. Logical-Mathematical Arithmetic and Science Patterns to connect facts and observations

24. Visual-Spatial Ability to draw and construction Learning is easiest through pictures and colors

25. Musical Rhythm and sounds Hearing rhythms and melodies helps promote learning

26. Bodily-Kinesthetic Skill in moving the body through space Athletes, dancers, and those who are skilled in crafts are high in this intelligence

27. Interpersonal Social skills A person with these abilities are good at communicating with and empathizing others

28. Intrapersonal Revealed by someone who is more private and less social Keeps a diary, has a strong will, and much independence, and prefers to play alone

29. Naturalistic Understanding of the natural world—plants, animals, and the processes of nature Interested in being outdoors and may enjoy books about animals

30. You can tell a lot about cognitive development by looking at a child’s drawing

36. Is that a drawing of two caterpillars?