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UNIT 3 EARTH SCIENCE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RiH RI_Z2Kgs&safety_mode=true&persist_s afety_mode=1&safe=active
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Which of Earth’s layers has the highest temperature?
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Core
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Which of Earth’s layers is the thinnest?
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Crust
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Seismic waves Pressure Crust Basalt Granite
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Waves (vibrations) that travel through the Earth during earthquakes.
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The amount of force pressing on an area. The pressure in the Earth increases as you travel toward the center.
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Layer of solid rock that includes both dry land and ocean floor. Rock in the crust: basalt in the ocean floor and granite in the continental.
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Oceanic crust is made up of____________?
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Basalt
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The transfer of heat by the movement of particles in fluids is called?
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Convection
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Mantle Lithosphere Asthenosphere Lower Mantle The Core (inner and outer)
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Is made up of rock that is very hot but solid that is divided up in layers. 1 st Lithosphere-similar to the crust 2 nd Asthenosphere- hotter, softer, and under more pressure.3 rd Lower mantle-solid material.
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Made mostly of the metal irons and nickel. Outer core - is liquid. Inner core - is solid.
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Earth is like a giant magnet because of convection currents in the ___________ ________.
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Outer Core
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The process in which continents slowly move is called ________________.
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Continental drift
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Heat Transfer Convection Current
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Three types: Radiation – transfer of energy through space. Conduction – transfer by the touching of two materials. Convection – transfer by the movement of currents within a fluid.
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The heating and cooling of the fluid –heat from the core and mantle causes convection currents in the mantle.
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What happens in sea-floor spreading?
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New rock forms
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Continental Drift Pangaea Fossil
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Continents slowly moving apart from each other. All the continents were once all together.
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Existed about 300 million years ago, when reptiles and winged insects first appeared. There were lots of tropical forests. Over tens of millions of years ago Pangaea began to break apart. There is evidence of this in fossils, land features, and climate.
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Where does subduction happen?
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Happens at deep ocean trenches
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Earth’s plates move because of ______________ _____________.
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Convection currents
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Mid-ocean ridges Sonar Sea-floor spreading
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Undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced (made).
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Device that bounces sound waves off underwater objects and records the echoes of the sound waves. The time it takes is used to gauge the distance.
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The sea-floor spreads apart along both sides of a mid- ocean ridge as new crust is added. Ocean floor moves carrying the continents with them.
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A boundary where two plates push together is called a _______________ _______________.
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Convergent boundary
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Continental crust is made mostly of the rock ________________.
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granite
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Deep Ocean Trenches Subduction
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Deep valley along the ocean floor beneath which oceanic crusts slowly sinks toward the mantle.
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The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep ocean trench and back into the mantle.
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The transfer of energy through space is ___________________.
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Radiation
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The transfer of heat between objects that are touching is ___________________.
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conduction
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Plate Scientific Theory Plate Tectonics Faults
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A section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere carry pieces of the continental and oceanic crust
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Theory where pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant motion driven by convection currents in the mantle.
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A break or crack in Earth’s lithosphere along which the rocks move.
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Continental plates that move apart form ______________________ valleys.
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rift
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Two plates that move past each other in opposite directions at a _____________ boundary.
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transform
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Divergent Boundary Rift Valley Convergent Boundary Transform Boundary
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Plate boundary where two plates move away from each other.
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Plate boundary where two plates move toward each other.
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Plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions.
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Pressure _____________ inside Earth from the crust to the core.
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increases
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In the mantle hot rocks __________ slowly from the bottom and eventually cool and sinks back through the mantle.
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rise
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Sea-floor spreading takes place at ______________ ridges.
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Mid-ocean
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We now have evidence that ______________ spreading really happens.
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Sea-floor
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Mid-ocean ridges occur at ______________ boundaries.
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divergent
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