1. The American Nation Chapter 14 North and South, 1820– 1860 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

2. The American Nation Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. Section 1: Industry in the North Section 2: Life in the North Section 3: Cotton Kingdom in the South Section 4: Life in the South Chapter 14: North and South, 1820–1860

3. Chapter 14, Section 3 Cotton Kingdom in the South How did the cotton gin improve cotton production in the South? How did the South become an agricultural economy? In what ways was the South dependent on the North?

4. Chapter 14, Section 3 The Cotton Gin Textile mills in the North and in Britain needed more and more raw cotton to make cloth. Southern planters could grow plenty of cotton, but removing the seeds by hand was a slow process. Eli Whitney built a machine to clean cotton—the cotton engine, or gin. It had rollers with wire teeth that separated the seeds from the fibers. One worker using a gin could do the work of 50 people cleaning cotton by hand. The cotton gin led to a boom in cotton production. Cotton plants wore out the soil, so planters began to look for fresh land. By the 1850s, cotton plantations extended in a wide band from the East Coast westward to Texas. This area became known as the Cotton Kingdom. As the Cotton Kingdom spread, so did slavery.

5. Chapter 14, Section 3 The Rise of Cotton Production and the Growth of Slavery

6. Chapter 14, Section 3 The South Becomes an Agricultural Economy CropGrowing AreaEffects Cottona wide band from South Carolina through Alabama and Mississippi to Texas promoted the plantation system and slavery Ricecoasts of South Carolina and Georgia required expensive irrigation and drainage systems promoted the plantation system Sugar CaneLouisiana and Texasrequired expensive irrigation and drainage systems promoted the plantation system TobaccoVirginia, North Carolina, and Kentucky Usually grown on small farms

7. Chapter 14, Section 3 The Economic Relationship Between North and South Southern industry remained small. agricultural tools—cotton gins, planters, and plows other agricultural goods—ironware, hoes, and hemp for bags cheap cotton cloth Tredegar Iron Works of Richmond, Virginia—railroad equipment, machinery, tools, cannons flour mills However, the South had little industry compared with the North. The South depended on the North and on Europe. loans from northern banks northern furniture, tools, and machines

8. Chapter 14, Section 3 Section 3 Assessment The cotton gin had a great effect on the South. The invention of the cotton gin led to a) an enormous expansion in cotton production. b) a decrease in the number of slaves. c) the spread of large tobacco plantations onto cotton land. d) the introduction of new crops, such as rice. In the mid-1800s, most southern manufacturing centered on a) furniture. b) railroads. c) agricultural tools. d) cotton cloth. Want to connect to the American History link for this section? Click here.Click here.

9. Chapter 14, Section 3 Section 3 Assessment The cotton gin had a great effect on the South. The invention of the cotton gin led to a) an enormous expansion in cotton production. b) a decrease in the number of slaves. c) the spread of large tobacco plantations onto cotton land. d) the introduction of new crops, such as rice. In the mid-1800s, most southern manufacturing centered on a) furniture. b) railroads. c) agricultural tools. d) cotton cloth. Want to connect to the American History link for this section? Click here.Click here.