2. Pre-Historic Africa

6. Kingdom of Kush [295 BCE – 320 CE] Nubia [modern-day Sudan]

7. Pyramids of Kush at Meroë

9. Kushite in Egypt, 23 BCE

10. Kingdom of Axum [300-700]

11. Christian Church, Lalibela [Ethiopia]

12. Coptic Christian Priest

13. AXUM’S ACHIEVEMENTS Controlled NE African Trade Written Language Spread Christianity in No. & E. Africa Terrace Farming

14. Our Main Focus!

15. Berbers GOLD SALT Major Focus: Gold-Salt Trade

16. Gold “Money”, Ghana/Ivory Coast Ghana Empire [4c-11c] – “Means King”

17. Key Economic Info - Ghana Known by Europeans as therichest kingdom in WesternAfrica Use of camels in trade createdriches!

18. Key Economic Info - Ghana Exports : slaves (from captives), peppers and gold (not mined,but taxed by kings passingthrough empire Imports : horses, silk, cotton and...

19. Salt Why is it so important?

20. Mali Empire [13c-15c] (rose out of Ghana’s decline) GOLD SALT

21. Mali Very similar to Ghana Islam grew in region – most merchants and gov’t officials were of the Muslim faith Timbuktu – key city and major hub of trade and Islamic education

22. Timbuktu-”Heavenly Clay”

23. Timbuktu Rooftop, Mosque

24. Marketplace near the Niger River

25. Mosque in Gao

26. Great Mosque at Djenne, Mali

27. Distant Mosque at Djenne, Mali

28. Sundiata [1210-1260] “Lion Prince”

29. Mansa Musa [r. 1312-1337]

30. European Map

31. Songhai Empire [15c-16c] GOLD SALT

32. Songhai (or Songhay) Had seceded from Mali in 1375 Great traders and warriors Last and largest of western Sudanese empires

33. Sunni Ali [r.1464-1492] First leader after capture of Timbuktu Led building of Songhai Empire

34. Askia Mohammed [r.1493- 1529] Led successful revolt against Sunni Ali’s son Enlarged empire significantly

35. Askia Mohammed’s Tomb [1443-1538] Gao, Mali

36. Thank you Ms. Susan M. Pojer @ Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY