2. I had bad luck yesterday !  When I arrived at the bus station, the school bus had left.  When I began my class,I found my teaching materials had been left at home.  Before I opened the door, I knew the key had been locked in my room.

3. 直接引语和间接引 语 Direct and Indirect speech

4. I am a lucky girl. She said ， “I am a lucky girl.” 直接引语 : 直接引用别人的话, 把它放在引号内. (direct speech) 间接引语 : 用自己的话转述别人的话 (indirect speech) She said that she was a lucky girl.

6. Examples:  Jane said, “I know him very much.” Jane said that she knew him very much.  Tom said ， “I saw her last week,” Tom said that he had seen her the week before.  Lucy said: “We will start tomorrow.” Lucy said they would start the next day.  Ann said “I have seen her before.” Ann said he had seen her before.  My father asked me,” Are you reading this novel? My father asked me if/whether I was reading that novel.  The manager asked, “ When will you come here? ” The manager asked when we would go there.

7. 一、时态变化  Jane said, “I know him very much.” Jane said that she knew him very much.  Tom said ， “I saw her last week,” Tom said that he had seen her the week before.  Lucy said, “We will start tomorrow.” Lucy said they would start the next day.  Ann said,“I have seen Jim before.” Ann said she had seen jim before.  My father asked me,” Are you reading this novel? ” My father asked me if/whether I was reading that novel.  The manager asked, “ When will you come here? ” The manager asked when we would go there.

8. 1 、如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，直接引语变为间接引语时， 从句谓语动词的时态通常要作相应的变化。规则如下 ( 时态呼应 ) 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时

9. 直接引语 间接引语 1 ） He says, “I am very He says that he is busy today.” vey busy today. 2 ） He will say, “ I He will say that he have watered the has watered the flowers flowers 2 、 如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时， 则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语的原来时态。 例如：

10. 或绝对具体的过去时间作状语 直接引语表述的是客观真理或绝对具体的过去时间作状语，变为间 接引语时，时态不变 Eg:1) The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Special case 2 ） He said, “I joined the army in 1934.” 2 ） He said, “I joined the army in 1934.” → He said (that)he joined the army in 1934.

11. 二、人称变化  Jane said, “I know him very much.” Jane said that she knew him very much.  Tom said ， “I saw her last week,” Tom said that he had seen her the week before.  Lucy said: “We will start tomorrow.” Lucy said they would start the next day.  Ann said “I have seen her before.” Ann said he had seen her before.  My father asked me,” Are you reading this novel? ” My father asked me if/whether I was reading that novel.  The manager asked, “ When will you come here? ” The manager asked when we would go there.

12. Examples: Jane said, “I know him very much.” Jane said that she knew him very much.  Tom said ， “I saw her last week.” Tom said that he had seen her the week before.  Lucy said: “We will start tomorrow.” Lucy said they would start the next day.  Ann said “I have seen her before.” Ann said he had seen her before.  My father asked me,” Are you reading this novel now? ” My father asked me if/whether I was reading that novel then.  The reporter asked, “ When will you come here? ” The reporter asked when we would go there.

13. 其他相应 的变动规则如下表： 在直接引语中在间接引语中 指示代词 时间状语 地点状语 动词 this / these that / those now / today then / that day this week (month) that week (month) yesterday The day before last year the year before three days agothree days before next week (month) the next day the next week (month) tomorrow here there come go

14. 陈述句变为间接引语时，要用 that 引导 宾语从句，在口语中常可省略。 直接引语间接引语 1.She said, “Our train will arrive in five minutes.” She said (that) their train would arrive in five minutes.

15. 一般疑问句变成间接引语要由 if /whether （是否）引 导，并将原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。 直接引语 间接引语 2 ） He said, “ Can you swim, John?” 2 ） He asked John if/whether he could swim. 1 ） The teacher asked ， “ Have you all understood me?” 1 ） The teacher asked if/whether we had all understood her.  主句中的谓语动词为 said 时，要改成 asked; 没有间接 宾语时，可加 me, him, her, them 或 us 等。

16. 特殊疑问句变为间接引语要由 who, what, when, why, who, how 等疑问词引导，并将原来的疑问句 语序变为陈述句语序。 直接引语间接引语 1 ） George said, “When will you get back from London, John?” 1 ） George asked John when he would get back from London. 2)“Where did you find the ads for jobs abroad?”Bill asked. → Bill asked where I had found the ads for jobs abroad.

17. 直接引语是祈使句, 则间接引语变为动词不定式. 即 : ask/ tell /order sb. (not) to do sth. eg: 2 ） The teacher said to the boy, “Don’t open the window.” The teacher told the boy not to open the window. 1 ) The salesman said to me, “Sit down,please” The salesman asked me to sit down.

18.  1. He asked,“ how much do you pay for the computer ？ ” → He asked ______________ for the computer. A. did you pay how much B. you paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid  2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. →He asked me ____________. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film  3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. →He ______ me _____ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close 4. He said, “Don’t do that again.” He _____ me _______ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; don’t do C. told me; don’t do D. told me; not to do

19. Thanks for your attention!