1. Invest 2.2.1 Hydropower Production model Yonas Ghile

2.  Why care about ecosystem services  InVEST  Hydropower production Model  Hands-on Exercise Talk Overview

3. Why Care About Ecosystem Services?

4. InVEST: Science in a Simple Tool Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs

5. InVEST Attributes –Evaluate change –Biophysical & monetary –Open source –Multiple services –Spatially explicit –Production functions Tier 1Tier 2Tier 3 Models Data SimpleComplex Tier 0

6. Water Yield for Irrigation Drinking Water Hydropower Pollution Dilution Water Yield

7. Questions you get answers  How much water is available?  Where does the water used for hydropower production come from?  How much energy does it produce?  How much is it worth?

8. Informs Policy Makers to  Focus protection on areas that contribute the most.  Design management practices that lead to minimal loss.  Identify places where other economic activities will conflict with hydropower production.  How much hydropower will we gain or lose under future management or conservation plans?  Create payment programs to get most return on investment (with Tier 2 model).

9. Model Architecture Water Scarcity Model Consumptive Use Net Volume Hydropower and Valuation Model Dam Height Price EnergyEnergy Value Turbine Eff. E(t) P(t) Q(t) Water Yield Model Land Use Soils Climate Water Yield Evapo- transpiration

10. Water Yield Precipitation Rain Snow Fog Inflow Transpiration Root depth Water Availability Leaf type Seasonality Plant type Evaporation annual average water yield per pixel Y jx

12. Valuation

13. Model Strengths  Uses readily available and minimum data.  Simple, applicable and generalizable  Spatially explicit  Link the biophysical functions to economic values  Values each parcel on the landscape

14. Model Limitations  Neglects extremes and seasonal variation of water yield  Neglects surface-deep groundwater interactions  Assumes hydropower production and pricing remain constant

15. Calibration and Validation  Sensitivity Analysis to identify most sensitive parameters  Model Calibration using long term average actual data  Find land use parameters within acceptable ranges  Model parameter (Zhang constant)  Validate Model by conducting comparisons with observed data or other model output

16. InVEST vs SWAT

18. Hianan Island China R² = 0.97

19. And Many Other Sites China Tanzania West Coast Hawai’i Amazon Basin Mexico Colombia Ecuador Indonesia Uganda Belize East Coast

20. Hands-on Session  Run the water yield model

21. Hands-on Session  Run the water scarcity model

22. Hands-on Session  Run the hydropower and valuation model

23. Hands-on Session Think how you would use the Water Yield Model in your work?

24. Coming up in InVEST  Regionalizing the Zhang constant  Automating calibration technique  Monthly model  Groundwater recharge index  Tier 2 water yield model Irr(t) E(t) I f (t) P(t) I(t) S m (t) B f (t) Q f (t) S(t)

25. UPYRB Example

26. How Does it Work?  Water Yield is the water depth (volume) that is NOT Evapotranspired: WY = P – AET  It is the sum of Surface flow, subsurface flow and groundwater flow: WY = SR + SubSR + GW  Model: WY = P * (1 – AET / P ) E(t) P(t) Q(t)

27. Energy Calculation p d = d.q d.g.h d water density gravity constant outflow rate head outflow

28. Valuation  Total Value of the Hydropower:  The Sub-basin’s Hydropower production Value:

29. Data Requirements InputsProcessOutputs