1. PUNCTUATION HYPHENS & DASHES

2. HYPHENS RULE #1 Use a hyphen to divide a word at the end of the line when you’ve run out of space.  Only divide a word between syllables.  They will jour- ney 80 miles to see us.  Don’t EVER divide a one syllable word.  We are bringing salad, ham and bre- ad.  Don’t EVER divide a word leaving one letter by itself.  Is that your family a- cross the street?

3. HYPHENS RULE #2 Use a hyphen with a compound adj. when it comes before what it’s describing.  Example: an activity that is well planned a well-planned activity Use a hyphen with compound numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine  Example: Until 1959, the United States had only forty-eight stars In its flag.

4. HYPHENS Use a hyphen with the prefixes  all-  ex-  great-  self-  half- And the suffixes  elect  free Examples: all-purpose, ex-students, sugar-free, great-grandfather, governor-elect

5. DASHES What is a DASH? o It is a mark of separation that shows a sudden break or change in thought or speech. Mrs. Jones—she lives nearby—helps the park attendants. To type a dash: Do not space type a hyphen twice Do not space Continue with sentence

6. LET’S TRY THESE… Main Sentence: The first time I went skiing is when I met my husband. Added Information: during this time I also broke my leg Combine the main sentence and the added information using dashes. The first time I went skiing—and the first time I broke my leg— is when I met my husband.

7. YOUR TURN! Main Sentence: He was so smart that even encyclopedias couldn't teach him anything. Added Information: at least he thought he was smart New Sentence: ______________________________________________________________________________________

8. ANSWER: He was so smart—at least he thought he was smart—that even encyclopedias couldn't teach him anything.

9. Parentheses Use parentheses to set off words that define or helpfully explain a word in the sentence. Also, use parentheses to set off words that are not of great importance to the sentence. Example: In tropical rainforests, dozens of species of plants may grow in one square mile (2.5 square kilometers) of land.