1. Analysing the Poem 3 a.m. by Lauris Edmond 27 th January 2014 Keith Taylor

2. 1.Analyse the adjectives in the poem morphologically (i.e. break them down into morphemes). 2.Analyse the verbs made from adjectives morphologically too. 3.Evaluate the effectiveness of the vocabulary, especially the adjectives. The Task

3. Verbs made from adjectives greening “the garden greening.” Can you see any more?

4. Morphemes The field of study dedicated to morphemes is called morphology. A morpheme is not identical to a word, and the principal difference between the two is that a morpheme may or may not stand alone, whereas a word, by definition, is freestanding. Every word comprises one or more morphemes.

5. Morphemes versus Syllables A morpheme is the basic element of meaning and may be made up of one or more syllables. For example: dear is a word of one syllable and one morpheme ugly is two syllables, though one morpheme, as its meaning cannot be broken down further friendly is two morphemes friend (= close, non-blood relationship) + ly (= in the manner of) as well as two syllables

6. lastredblackbrightgreen whitelasthardblueinfinite silentafter/noonquerulousfulldull dry-eyedtired-mindednightgreathelp/less pitiless (pity +less)smallshut Identifying some of the adjectives Querulous = complaining in a rather petulant (childishly) or whining manner.

7. Free Morphemes When morphemes constitute words by themselves the are called free morphemes. For example: boy commend judge

8. Bound Morphemes Bound morphemes only occur with other morphemes. They do not mean anything when they are on their own. For example: boys recommended prejudge Most bound morphemes are usually prefixes or suffixes. Bound morphemes that are not affixes are called cranberry morphemes.

9. Derivational Morphemes When added to a word, derivational morphemes change the meaning, and sometimes the grammatical class, of the original word. boy + ishnounadjective confer + enceverbnoun quiet + lyadjectiveadverb moral + iseadjectiveverb modern + iseadjectiveverb drink + ablenounadjective nation + alnounadjective in + frequentadjective dis + honestadjective Can be both prefixes and suffixes.

10. Inflectional Morphemes Inflectional morphemes are bound grammatical morphemes, which represent concepts such as tense, number, gender, case, etc. Inflectional morphemes can only be suffixes. See board for examples.

11. The Effectiveness of the Vocabulary She seems saddened, remembering things changing..dying. She seems alone, left to follow what fate has in store. She’s worrying about everything. She has used negative type adjectives – last, black, hard, infinite, silent, querulous, dull, dry, tired, night, helpless, pitiless, small, shut.