1. I can identify significant individuals, events, and issues of the development of the cattle industry.

4. Diamond-shaped area Prairies; grazing on grass Flourished in 1800s Close of the frontier – Native Americans on reservations Settlers – towns, farms, ranches

5. Spanish settlers brought cattle with them to Mexico and Texas 1700s colonizer Jose de Escandon – land grants along Rio Grande – Ranches – charro culture – Charros – Mexican cowhands; round up herds of cattle – Cattle raised on the open range – branded

6. Cattle strayed from missions and ranches; some let go – Ran wild and multiplied – Breeds mixed = Longhorns  Large horns  Adaptable to different environments; little resources

7. Cattle raising increased with Mexican independence Settlers – large land grants (4,400 acres) if they raised cattle – unbranded cattle could be claimed Ranchers from U.S.A. worked with small herds; fenced in – Worked on foot

8. James Taylor White – first cattle baron – Took cattle to market in Louisiana – Before 1850s – moved by steamboat – 1850s – herded or “driven” to Missouri – to eastern markets by train Disturbed farms Carried diseases – Texas fever; had to “dip” cattle to kill ticks Cattle to market for beef, hides, tallow (fat) to make soap & candles http://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=31DB-fGNQUM

9. Cattle industry declined in Texas – Ranch work left undone – men fighting in war – Cattle roamed the state = increased numbers – Worth declines; too many cattle, too little money Union control of the Mississippi kept cattle away from hungry soldiers in the East

10. Where did Texas ranchers get the first cattle? Who helped to create the early ranches in Texas? What geographical factors in Texas favored the growth of the cattle industry?