1. 6 th Century Greece

2. Greek Society Highly Classed (citizens, metics, slaves) Political Organization – City States Tyrants and Aristocrats Colonization of Mediterranean (Apollo) Seafaring and Trade (coinage) Religion – Olympic Gods Cultural Icons – Athletes and Warriors Prosperity

3. Figures Thales of Miletus Solon of Athens Pythagoras of Abdera Sappho of Lesbos

4. Heroic Literature Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey Poetry and Song

5. Aesop A war captive and slave on the island of Samos Ugly, malformed Great wit Maker of stories Died in Delphi Plato, Aristotle, Herodotus, and Aristophanes write of him

6. Famous Readers Socrates spent time putting Aesop’s fables to verse Aristotle made a systematic study of the fables St. Augustine found fables an acceptable vehicle for teaching faith Martin Luther translated an anthology of Aesopic fables and considered them on part with the Bible as instructive literature

7. Beast Fable Short, clever story Usually humorous Talking animal characters Containing moral Characterized by practical wisdom and social criticism Seen as weapon of the small and weak against the mighty

8. Tradition Aesop -6 th Century B.C. Greece Phaedrus – 1 st Century A.D. Roman Renard – 11 th Century A.D. German/French Harris (Remus) – 19 th Century A.D. American “The fable was invented because slaves could not say what they wished outright, so they projected their personal sentiments onto fables, eluding blame under guise of jesting.”

9. Preservation of Aesop Used as Roman school texts (Practice in grammar, paraphrase, translation, rhetoric) Used in Middle Ages in sermons Medieval Beast Tales combined ancient fables, Christian culture, vernacular of peasants (Physiologus, Bestiaries)