1. Role and deficiency symptoms of Nitrogen in grape

2. Role and deficiency symptoms of Nitrogen in grape
Introduction
Nitrogen is an important building block of proteins, nucleic acids and other cellular constituents which are essential for all forms of life. Nitrogen is such an important key nutrient element for plants that it warrants careful management, and – if mismanaged – can lead to severe environmental problems.
In most of Indian soil nitrogen is found to be deficient consequently reduces production and productivity of many crops, so it is necessary to know about role, deficiency and toxic effect of nitrogen to tackle the ill effects of nitrogen in crop plants.

3. Role and deficiency symptoms of Nitrogen in grape
Role of Nitrogen in grapevine
Nitrogen helps in synthesis of chlorophyll, proteins, nucleic acid, coenzymes amino acid, sugars, amines, polypeptides etc.
Nitrogen application induced vegetative growth.
Nitrogen is essential for vine growth, productivity and fruit quality.
Nitrogen affect bunch size, berry size,, number of bunches etc.

4. Role and deficiency symptoms of Nitrogen in grape
Role of Nitrogen in grapevine
Vines use nitrogen to build many compounds essential for growth and development. Among these are amino acids, nucleic acids, proteins (including all enzymes), and pigments, including the green chlorophyll of leaves and the darkly colored anthocyanin of fruit.
Nitrogen (N) is involved in almost every metabolic process occurring in the growth of grapevines, including the development of berries.
Nitrogen consists of about 1-2% of the total dry mass of a grapevine.

5. Role and deficiency symptoms of Nitrogen in grape
N deficiency reduced yield long before deficiency symptoms are visible.
Deficiency of N causes chlorosis and stunted growth of vine.
Decrease in green colour and yellowing of leaves are some major characters of N deficiency in grape.

6. Role and deficiency symptoms of Nitrogen in grape
The higher N decreases TSS content in Thompson Seedless Ana-e-Shahi and Kandhari grape variety.
The higher N increase acidity in juices of Thompson Seedless.

7. Role and deficiency symptoms of Nitrogen in grape
Generally, deficiencies of the nitrogen which is mobile element in plant and soil appear on older or mid shoot leaves.
Vines deficient in nitrogen will display General fading of green leaf color with mild deficiency; Pronounced leaf yellowing or chlorosis with severe deficiency;
A nitrogen deficient leaf compared to a healthy leaf
Vines low in nitrogen generally display low vigor and poor production, as a result of reduced protein synthesis and photosynthesis.

8. Role and deficiency symptoms of Nitrogen in grape
Vines low in nitrogen generally display low vigor and poor production, as a result of reduced protein synthesis and photosynthesis.
This symptom is indicative of a lack of chlorophyll content in the leaves, which is evidence of reduced photosynthetic capacity.

9. Role and deficiency symptoms of Nitrogen in grape
Toxicity symptoms
Vines with high or excessive nitrogen can also have an adverse effect on productivity of the vine, due to vigorous growth of vegetative parts leading to shading and subsequent reduction in fruit set and poor bud fertility.
Vigorous shoot tips can provide a stronger “sink” than the flower clusters for carbohydrates, nitrogenous compounds, and hormones necessary for good fruit set.
Fruit maturation is delayed.